英语冠词的用法讲解和练习题
冠词作为一种虚词，在英语中只能和名词一起使用。英语中的冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。
1.不定冠词的用法
不定冠词有两个，a 和 an。a用在辅音开头的单词前面;an用于以元音开头的单词前。如：a book, an apple。
1) 不定冠词用在但数可数名词前表示“某一个”。如：
There is a policeman at the door.
门口有个警察。
2) 不定冠词用在单数可数名词之前，表示“任何，每个”。如：
A car must be insured.
汽车一定要上保险。
A soldier must obey orders.
军人必须服从命令。
3) 不定冠词用于头一次出现的单数名词之前。如：
There is a box in the room. The box is heavy.
房间里有个箱子。这个箱子很重。
4) 不定冠词和名词连用作表语或同位语，主要说明某个人或东西所属类别。如：
She is a teacher. 她是个老师。
We all thought him a suitable person for the job.
我们都认为他是适合做这个项目的人。
5) 定冠词用在价格、速度、比率等短语中。如：
six kilometers an hour 每小时60公里
3 times a day 每天三次
6) 不定冠词用在专有名词前。如：
He wants to buy a Kodak.他想买架柯达相机。
7)不定冠词用于某些固定短语中。如：
have a try试一下 take a break 休息一下 have a good time 玩得痛快
make a living 谋生 as a matter of fact 事实上 in a word 总而言之
2. 定冠词的用法
1) 定冠词和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。如：
Mother carved the meat into slices.
妈妈把肉切成了片。
2) 定冠词用于可数名词前，表示一类人或东西。如：
The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
3) 定冠词用于第二次出现的名词之前。如：
I got a letter yesterday. The letter was sent by e-mail.
我昨天接到了一封信。那信是电子邮件。
4) 定冠词用于有词组或者定语从句修饰的名词前。如：
He is investigating the cause of the fire.他正在调查这场大火的原因。
5) 定冠词用于某些名词或者形容词前，表示一类人，一个民族，阶级或阶层。如：
the chinese 中国人 the rich 富人
the dead 死者 the deaf 聋人
6) 定冠词用于指说话双方都知道的人或事。如：
Please close the door.请把门关上。
7) 定冠词用于世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
the sun 太阳 the earth 地球 the world世界
8) 定冠词用于序数词前表示顺序。如：
the third group 第三组
9) 定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。如：
This is the most intersting book I have ever read. 这是我所读过的书中最有趣的一本。
10)定冠词在play后和乐器连用
play the piano弹钢琴 play the flute吹长笛
11)定冠词与姓氏的复数形式连用，表示一家人。如：
The Blacks came to China in 1994.
布莱克一家是1994年来中国的。
12)定冠词的其他用法
the Changjiang River长江 the Red Sea 红海 (用于表示江河海洋的名词前)
the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡 the Gulf of Mexico墨西哥湾 (用于表示海峡海湾的名词前)
the Alps阿尔卑斯山 the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠 (用于山脉沙漠的名词前)
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国(用于国家名称)
the National Gallery国家美术馆 the Military Museum 军事博物馆(用于公共建筑名前)
the State Council国务院 the Senate参议院 the House of Representatives 众议院 (用于机关、团体名词前)
the Geneva Agreement日内瓦协议 the Washington Post 华盛顿邮报 (用于报刊、条约之前)
3.不用冠词的情况
1) 表示独一无二的职务、身份前一般不用冠词。如：
Elizabeth II, Queen of England 英国女王伊丽莎白二世
He was elected chairmen of the committee.他当选为协会主席。
2) 表示球类、棋类的运动项目不加冠词。如：
play football 踢足球 play chess下象棋
3) 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。如：
have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
4) 交通工具名词前不用冠词
by car坐汽车 by ship 坐船
by plane坐飞机 on foot 步行
5) 在一些地点的名词，如：bed, church, school, hospital,home, work等。当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做的事时，不加冠词。
go home回家 go to school去上学 go to church去教堂祈祷
in hospital住院 go to work上班
注：如果在上述词组前面加上定冠词the,可以表示去这些场所做其他的事情。如：
He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.他来学校和校长谈话。
He went to the church to see the carvings.他去教堂看雕刻。
His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her.
他妈妈生病住院了，他就一直在医院里面照顾她。
4.泛指概念的四种表达方式
1) 不带the 的不可数名词可以表示泛指
I like music.我喜欢音乐。
2) 不带the 的复数可数名词表示泛指。
Bananas are yellow.香蕉是黄色的。
3) “the+单数可数名词”可以表示泛指
The elephant is the largest land mammal.大象是陆地上最大的哺乳动物。
4) “不定冠词a/an+单数可数名词” 可以表示泛指。
A dog makes good pet.狗是很好的宠物。
5.冠词的记忆口诀
1.巧记a和an：单词：不见原因(元音)，别施“恩 (n)”。 字母表：Mr Li has one fox.( a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x前用an)。
2.使用定冠词口诀
沙漠、河流与群山，列岛、海峡与海湾，阶级、党派、国家名，组织团体和机关，方位、朝代、独一词，
会议、代件及报刊，木器、建筑、海洋群，定冠词来不能删。
3.冠词省略口诀
泛指复数日三餐;球类运动季节前;星期月份节假日;抽象物质或习惯。
注:农历的节假日需用定冠词。
4.巧记零冠词：独一职位在某地，用作表、补、同位语;独立主格作状语;By短语表方式;Man字一词意“人类”;对比含义两名词;系词turn接表语;新闻语体及标题;具体意义变抽象;含有as/though的倒装句;人名、地名、国一词;抽象、物质不特指;月份、星期、节假日;学科、语言、称呼语;颜色、病名、五感觉;棋类、球类、三餐词;复数形式表类别;固定词组、惯用语。一律使用零冠词。
6.英语冠词的用法练习题
1.There is a desk by the window. On_______desk there is_____exercise book.
A.a; the B.the; the C.an; a D.the; an
2.There is_______"h"in the word "honest."
A.a B.the C.an D.不填
3.They went to_______Summer Palace yesterday and stayed there for_______day.
A.the; a B.the; the C.不填; a D.the; 不填
4.It's________pity you won't be back before I leave.
A.the B.a C.an D.不填
5.Lincoln was elected__________ President of _________United States in 1860.
A.the; the B.不填; theC.a; 不填D.不填; 不填
6.She is going to play_______piano at the concert this evening.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
7.Most boys like playing_______football.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
8.Let's go and watch the children play______chess.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
9._____elephant is bigger than________ horse
A.不填; 不填 B.an; aC.An; aD.The; a
10.Is Tom going to have_______X-ray check?
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
11.They have_________rice for________lunch every day.
A.不填; 不填B.the; theC.the; aD.不填; the
12.We did_______experiment last week. It was _______useful one.
A.the; the B.an; aC.an; theD.the; an
13.Beijing is one of________most beautiful cities in ________world.
A.a; theB.the; 不填C.the; theD.不填; the
14.February is__________second month of the year
A.a B.an C.不填 D.the
15.----How did you go there?
----We went there by_______bus.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
16._______Wangs will come to see you tomorrow
A.A B.An C.The D.不填
17.The students of Class One often read English early in_______ morning.
A.不填 B.the C.an D.a
18.On the moon it's too hot in________day and too cold at________night.
A.the; 不填 B.the; theC.a; theD.a;
19.A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometres_________second.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
20.The picture on_________left is more beautiful than the one on _______right.
A.不填; 不填 B.the; theC.a; a D.an; an
21.The woman took the little girl by________hand.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
22.Mr. Read patted him on________shoulder.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
23.All the work had to be done by_______hand when there were no modern machines.
A.不填 B.the C.an D.a
24.We should always think of________old and_______sick.
A.the; the B.an; aC.不填; 不填D.the; a
25.May I have _______look at the book?
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
26.It took me_______hour and______half to finish the work.
A.a; a B.an; an C.a; an D.an; a
27.She was in______hurry to work.
A.不填 B.a C.an D.the
28.My brother has an interest in drawing_______horses.
A.the B.an C.a D.不填
29.Sam is_______man easy to get along with.
A.不填 B.the C.a D.an
30.Europe and America are separated by_______ Atlantic Ocean.
A.不填 B.the C.a D.an
31.The largest landmass is usually divided into two "continents" along______Ural Mountains.
A.不填 B.the C.a D.an
32.There are only______few mistakes in your composition. Don't make______same ones again, please.
A.a; the B.a; a C.the; the D.不填; 不填
33.Henry is fond of playing________piano while Alice is interested in listening to _______ music.
A.不填; .theB.the ; 不填C.the; theD.不填; 不填
34.What________weather we are having today!
A.a B.the C.不填 D.an
35.Tom met his old school friend on his way________home from China.
A.a B.the C.不填 D.an
36.Spring is___best season of the year. Autumn is________busy season.
A.a; a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; a
37.Let's go and have_______walk around_________garden.
A.a; the B.the; the C.a; a D.the; a
38.Children usually go to________school at _______age of six
A.the; the B.a ; the C.不填; the D.a; a
39.At last we got to________place where Chairman Mao had once lived.
A.a B.an C.不填 D.the
40.Sam is________man to speak at the meeting tomorrow.
A.不填 B.the C.a D.an
41.Birds can fly high in________sky.
A.不填 B.the C.a D.an
42.Taiwan is_______island, it is_______largest island of China.
A.a; the B.the; the C.an ; the D.an; a
43.It is cold in________winter. And______days are shorter.
A.不填; theB.the; theC.the; 不填D.a; the
44.Were there is_______will there is______way
A.the; the B.a; aC.a; theD.the; a
45.The workers in that factory are paid by________hour.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
46.________Chinese are________hardworking people.
A.The; theB.不填; aC.不填; 不填D.the; a
47.He bought_______dictionary______last week.
A.the; theB.a; 不填C.a; theD.the; a
48.They always have_______breakfast in the factory
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
49.Tom is_______8-year-old boy.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
50.______sun rises in _______rest.
A.The; theB.The; 不填 C.A; theD.不填; 不填
答案：1.D 2.C3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.B 21.C 22.A 23.A 24.A 25.A 26.D 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.B 31.B 32.A 33.B 34.C 35.C 36.D37.A 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.B 42.C 43.C 44.B 45.C 46.D47.B 48.D 49.B 50.A
