儿科医生警告，体罚孩子易造成长期伤害

The nation’s leading pediatricians’ group has strengthened its advice against spanking and other physical punishment because of the potential for long-term harm.

美国主要的儿科医生组织强调了反对打屁股和其他体罚的建议，因为这可能造成长期伤害。

In an updated policy released Monday, the American Academy of Pediatrics says that can include aggression, brain changes, substance abuse and suicidal behavior in adulthood.

美国儿科学会周一发布了一项最新方针，称体罚可能导致孩子性格好斗、大脑损伤、药物滥用和成年后的自杀行为。

The academy says research since its 1998 discipline policy led to the update. It says spanking is falling out of favor among parents, especially those with young children. While some parents still believe it can lead to short-term improvements in behavior, studies show spanking is no more effective than non-physical punishment, including timeouts, setting firm limits and establishing unwanted consequences.

该学会表示，自1998年开始针对惩罚政策进行的研究才催生了这一更新。报告说，打屁股在父母中越来越不受欢迎，尤其是那些有幼小孩子的父母。尽管一些家长仍然认为打屁股可以短期内改善孩子的行为，但研究表明，打屁股并不比包括罚站、设定严格的限制以及建立后果规范在内的非体罚处罚更有效。

The group also suggests putting favorite toys away or reducing screen time.

该组织还建议把孩子们喜欢的玩具藏起来，或者减少他们看电视的时间。

“Although many children who were spanked become happy, healthy adults, current evidence suggests that spanking is not necessary and may result in long-term harm” the academy advises.

该学会警告说：“尽管很多被打屁股的孩子最后都变成了快乐、健康的成年人，但目前的证据表明，打屁股是没有必要的，可能会导致长期的伤害。”

Studies published in the past two decades have bolstered evidence that spanking can make young kids more aggressive and defiant.

过去20年发表的研究报告支持了打屁股会让孩子变得更争强好斗和目中无人的观点。

Other studies have linked physical punishment in childhood with later brain changes in young adults including reduced gray matter and elevated levels of stress hormones. Suicidal behavior, substance abuse and anger are among other potential long-term consequences of spanking, studies have suggested.

其他的研究也将童年时期的体罚与青壮年后来的大脑变化联系起来，这些变化包括灰质的减少和应激激素水平的升高。研究表明，自杀行为、滥用药物和愤怒是打屁股的潜在长期后果之一。

The academy also warns against harsh verbal abuse including shaming kids, citing research linking it with depression and behavior problems in teens.

该学会还警告使用严厉的言语虐待，包括羞辱孩子，并引用了言语虐待与青少年的抑郁、行为问题有联系的相关研究。