十三届全国人大常委会副委员长王晨5月22日上午向十三届全国人大三次会议作关于《全国人民代表大会关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定(草案)》(a draft decision on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to safeguard national security)的说明。
2020年5月22日，全国人大常委会副委员长王晨作关于《全国人民代表大会关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定(草案)》的说明。(图片来源：新华社)
Since the return of Hong Kong to the motherland, China has been firmly implementing the principles of "one country, two systems," "the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong," and a high degree of autonomy, Wang said.
王晨说，香港回归以来，国家坚定贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方针。
The practice of "one country, two systems" has achieved unprecedented success in Hong Kong, he said.
“一国两制”实践在香港取得了前所未有的成功。
But the increasingly notable national security risks in the HKSAR have become a prominent problem, the vice chairman said, citing activities that have seriously challenged the bottom line of the "one country, two systems" principle, harmed the rule of law, and threatened national sovereignty, security and development interests.
同时，香港特别行政区国家安全风险日益凸显。很多行为和活动严重挑战“一国两制”原则底线，严重损害法治，严重危害国家主权、安全、发展利益。
Law-based and forceful measures must be taken to prevent, stop and punish such activities, he noted.
必须采取有力措施依法予以防范、制止和惩治。
Article 23 of the Basic Law of the HKSAR stipulates that the HKSAR shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the HKSAR, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the HKSAR from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies.
香港基本法第23条规定：“香港特别行政区应自行立法禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱、颠覆中央人民政府及窃取国家机密的行为，禁止外国的政治性组织或团体在香港特别行政区进行政治活动，禁止香港特别行政区的政治性组织或团体与外国的政治性组织或团体建立联系。”
More than 20 years after Hong Kong's return, however, relevant laws are yet to materialize due to the sabotage and obstruction by those trying to sow trouble in Hong Kong and China at large, as well as external hostile forces, Wang said.
然而，香港回归20多年来，由于反中乱港势力和外部敌对势力的极力阻挠、干扰，23条立法一直没有完成。
Considering Hong Kong's situation at present, efforts must be made at the state-level to establish and improve the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, to change the long-term "defenseless" status in the field of national security, Wang said.
在香港目前形势下，必须从国家层面建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制，改变国家安全领域长期“不设防”状况。
This will advance the institutional building to safeguard national security on the course of China's Constitution and the Basic Law of the HKSAR, he said. this will also strengthen the work of safeguarding national security and ensure the steady and enduring growth of the cause of "one country, two systems", he added.
在宪法和香港基本法的轨道上推进维护国家安全制度建设，加强维护国家安全工作，确保香港“一国两制”事业行稳致远。
总体要求和基本原则
贯彻上述总体要求，必须遵循和把握好以下基本原则。
-- Firmly safeguarding national security;
一是坚决维护国家安全。
-- Upholding and improving the "one country, two systems";
二是坚持和完善“一国两制”制度体系。
-- Adhering to governing Hong Kong in accordance with the law;
三是坚持依法治港。
-- Resolutely opposing external interference;
四是坚决反对外来干涉。
-- Substantially safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of Hong Kong residents;
五是切实保障香港居民合法权益。
决定草案分为导语和正文两部分，正文部分共有7条。
Article 1 states clearly that the country will unswervingly, fully and faithfully implement the principles of "one country, two systems," "the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong," and a high degree of autonomy; stresses taking necessary measures to establish and improve the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, as well as prevent, stop and punish activities endangering national security in accordance with the law;
第一条，阐明国家坚定不移并全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方针;强调采取必要措施建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制，依法防范、制止和惩治危害国家安全的行为和活动。
Article 2 states clearly that the country resolutely opposes the interference in the HKSAR affairs by any foreign or external forces in any form and will take necessary countermeasures;
第二条，阐明国家坚决反对任何外国和境外势力以任何方式干预香港特别行政区事务，采取必要措施予以反制。
Article 3 specifies that it is the HKSAR's constitutional responsibilities to safeguard national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity; stresses that the HKSAR must complete the national security legislation stipulated in the Basic Law of the HKSAR at an earlier date and HKSAR's administrative, legislative and judicial organs must, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, effectively prevent, stop and punish acts endangering national security;
第三条，明确规定维护国家主权、统一和领土完整是香港特别行政区的宪制责任;强调香港特别行政区应当尽早完成香港基本法规定的维护国家安全立法，香港特别行政区行政机关、立法机关、司法机关应当依据有关法律规定有效防范、制止和惩治危害国家安全的行为。
Article 4 specifies that the HKSAR must establish and improve the institutions and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security; when needed, relevant national security organs of the Central People's Government will set up agencies in the HKSAR to fulfill relevant duties to safeguard national security in accordance with the law;
第四条，明确规定香港特别行政区应当建立健全维护国家安全的机构和执行机制;中央人民政府维护国家安全的有关机关根据需要在香港特别行政区设立机构，依法履行维护国家安全相关职责。
Article 5 specifies that the HKSAR chief executive must regularly report to the Central People's Government on the HKSAR's performance of the duty to safeguard national security, carry out national security education and forbid acts of endangering national security;
第五条，明确规定香港特别行政区行政长官应当就香港特别行政区履行维护国家安全职责、开展国家安全推广教育、依法禁止危害国家安全的行为等情况，定期向中央人民政府提交报告。
Article 6 specifies the constitutional meanings of related legislation of the NPC Standing Committee:
第六条，明确全国人大常委会相关立法的宪制含义，包括三层含义：
(1)Entrusting the NPC Standing Committee to formulate relevant laws on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security. The NPC Standing Committee will exercise its functions and powers of legislation under authorization;
一是授权全国人大常委会就建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制制定相关法律，全国人大常委会将据此行使授权立法职权;
(2)Specifying that relevant legal tasks for the NPC Standing Committee are to effectively prevent, stop and punish any act occurring in the HKSAR to split the country, subvert state power, organize and carry out terrorist activities and other behaviors that seriously endanger national security, as well as activities of foreign and external forces to interfere in the affairs of the HKSAR;
二是明确全国人大常委会相关法律的任务是，切实防范、制止和惩治发生在香港特别行政区内的任何分裂国家、颠覆国家政权、组织实施恐怖活动等严重危害国家安全的行为以及外国和境外势力干预香港特别行政区事务的活动;
(3)Specifying the method of implementing relevant laws of the NPC Standing Committee in the HKSAR, that is, the NPC Standing Committee makes the decision to include relevant laws into Annex III of the Basic Law of the HKSAR, and the HKSAR promulgates and implements them;
三是明确全国人大常委会相关法律在香港特别行政区实施的方式，即全国人大常委会决定将相关法律列入香港基本法附件三，由香港特别行政区在当地公布实施。
Article 7 specifies that this decision shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
第七条，明确本决定的施行时间，即自公布之日起施行。
After the issuance of the decision, the NPC Standing Committee will work with related parties to formulate relevant laws at an earlier date for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, actively push for settling prominent problems in the national security system of the HKSAR, strengthen the building of special institutions, enforcement mechanisms and law enforcement forces, so as to ensure relevant laws' effective implementation in the HKSAR, Wang said.
王晨说，本决定作出后，全国人大常委会将会同有关方面及早制定香港特别行政区维护国家安全的相关法律，积极推动解决香港特别行政区在维护国家安全制度方面存在的突出问题，加强专门机构、执行机制和执法力量建设，确保相关法律在香港特别行政区有效实施。
来源：新华网
