万圣节就要到了，而美国新冠疫情指标又有抬头倾向，最近一周单日新增确诊病例和死亡病例均呈上升趋势。为防止新冠病毒在万圣节活动中传播，美国疾控中心发布了万圣节活动指南，按照安全风险将节日活动分为三个等级，并建议人们采取安全的庆祝方式。
Łukasz Nieścioruk@luki90pl/unsplash
In a year that's been plenty scary, this much is clear: Pandemic Halloween will be different than regular Halloween. many traditional ways of celebrating are now considerably more frightful than usual, because now they bring the risk of spreading the coronavirus.
在这相当恐怖的一年里，有一点十分清楚：疫情期间的万圣节将与以往不同。由于担心会传播新冠病毒，许多传统的庆祝方式比往常更加可怕。
Accordingly, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued new guidelines on how to celebrate Halloween safely. No big surprise: Classic door-to-door trick-or-treating and crowded, boozy costume parties are not recommended.
因此，美国疾病控制与预防中心发布了关于如何安全庆祝万圣节的新指南，意料之中的是：传统的挨家挨户的“不给糖就捣蛋”和拥挤的、醉醺醺的服装派对活动都不在推荐之列。
boozy [ˈbuːzi]：adj.嗜酒的;酩酊的
The CDC's guidelines group Halloween activities into lower-risk, moderate-risk and higher-risk buckets.
美国疾病控制与预防中心的指导方针将万圣节活动分为低风险、中风险和高风险三类。
The higher-risk category includes both door-to-door trick-or-treating and events where kids get treats from the trunks of cars in a big parking lot.
高风险的类别包括挨家挨户的“不给糖就捣蛋”，以及孩子们从大停车场的汽车后备箱里得到糖果的活动。
Also no-nos: indoor haunted houses where people will be crowded and screaming, which could send infectious particles flying. Going on hayrides with people who aren't in your household or fall festivals in rural areas also carry a risk of spreading the virus that causes COVID-19. And using alcohol and drugs "can cloud [judgment] and increase risky behaviors," the CDC warns — though that's equally true in any season.
高风险活动还有：人们挤在一起尖叫的室内鬼屋，这可能会让传染性飞沫喷溅;和非家庭成员一起坐干草车，或去参加农村地区的秋季节日，这些也有传播新冠病毒的风险;美国疾病控制与预防中心警告说，饮酒和嗑药“会影响判断并增加危险行为”，不过在任何季节都是如此。
hayride [ˈheɪraɪd]：n.(美)乘坐装有干草的大车出游
cloud [klaʊd]：vt.使混乱
Drew Hays@drew_hays/unsplash
那么，如何过一个充满刺激的万圣节呢?
The agency says this way of trick-or-treating poses a moderate risk (compared with the higher risk of the traditional style): Kids could pick up individually wrapped gift bags at the end of a driveway or yard while still preserving social distance.
美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，以下这些“不给糖就捣蛋”的玩法属于中等风险(与传统玩法的高风险相比)：孩子们可以在保持社交距离的情况下，在车道或院子尽头拿到单独包装的礼物袋。
You could also organize a small outdoor costume parade where everyone is 6 feet apart. An outdoor costume party would also be considered moderate risk, if people wear masks and stay 6 feet away from each other.
你也可以组织一个小型的户外换装游行，人们之间保持6英尺(约合1.8米)的社交距离。如果人们戴上口罩并间隔6英尺，户外换装派对也属于中风险。
Haunted houses are out, and haunted forests are in. The CDC says an open-air scare-fest is moderately risky, so long as the route is one-way, people wear masks appropriately and stay 6 feet apart. But there's a caveat: "If screaming will likely occur, greater distancing is advised."
虽然不推荐去鬼屋，但搞个闹鬼的森林是可以的。美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，只要人们正确佩戴口罩，设定单行路线，并保持6英尺的距离，那么露天的惊吓聚会也属于中风险。但该机构警告称：“如果人们可能会尖叫，建议增加间隔距离。”
caveat [ˈkæviæt]：n.警告
What about apple picking and pumpkin patches? Risks can be reduced if people use hand sanitizer before touching pumpkins or apples, wear masks and maintain social distance.
那摘苹果和挖南瓜呢?如果人们在摸南瓜或苹果前使用洗手液，戴口罩并保持社交距离，风险就会降低。
Also on the moderate-risk list: an outdoor scary movie night with local friends who are socially distanced. Again: The more screaming there is, the more space is needed for safe social distancing.
同样在中等风险列表上的还有：与当地朋友晚上在户外看恐怖电影并保持社交距离。同样，尖叫越多，就需要越远的安全社交距离。
If you want to be really safe? Then you need to plan for either virtual activities or ones that you do largely with your own household.
如果你想要真正安全?那么你需要安排线上活动或者主要与家人一起举行家庭活动。
The CDC's lower-risk activities include carving pumpkins with your household, or outdoors with friends while socially distanced. It also suggests a Halloween scavenger hunt: looking for witches, spiderwebs and black cats outside houses while walking around — or a scavenger hunt for treats in your own home.
美国疾病控制与预防中心公布的低风险活动包括：与家人一起雕刻南瓜，或与朋友在户外活动并保持社交距离。该机构还建议在万圣节进行一次寻物游戏：在室外四处走动，寻找女巫、蜘蛛网和黑猫，或者在自己家里找糖果。
And what about masks? A costume mask is no substitute for a cloth mask, according to the agency, but don't double up with one over the other because that can make it hard to breathe. Instead, consider a Halloween-themed cloth mask, the CDC suggests.
那口罩呢?根据该机构的说法，服装面具不能代替布口罩，但不要同时佩戴面具和口罩，因为那样会使呼吸困难。该机构建议说，人们可以考虑万圣节主题的布口罩。
A costume mask can protect against spreading the coronavirus if it's like a regular cloth mask: two or more layers of breathable fabric covering the nose and mouth, without gaps around the face.
如果服装面具与普通布口罩一样能够用两层或以上的透气织物覆盖口鼻，而且脸部周围没有空隙，也可以用来防止新冠病毒的传播。
And remember this, friendly neighbors: If you think you might have COVID-19 or have been exposed to someone who does, don't attend in-person Halloween activities — and certainly don't hand out candy to trick-or-treaters.
亲爱的邻居们，请记住这一点：如果你认为自己可能感染了新冠肺炎，或者接触过新冠感染者，不要参加线下万圣节活动，当然也不要给他人分发糖果。
【美国疫情最新数据】
美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学发布的疫情统计数据显示，截至美国东部时间22日11时23分(北京时间23时23分)，美国累计新冠确诊病例超过686万例，累计死亡病例突破20万例。
英文来源：NPR
