今年的新高考英语全国卷1语法填空从语言上来说,难度较大,有很多生僻词汇和长难句。如果读不懂文章,弄不清句式结构会很影响做题。深度解析语法填空的解题技巧和解题思路,提高语法填空的解题能力。
第二节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). 56 (cover) an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案:
56. Covering 57. the 58.were 59. to increase 60. is designed 61.and 62. populations 63. eventually 64.as 65.that
考点分析:
有提示词:6个(56,58,59,60,62,63),其中谓语动词2个(58,60),非谓语动词2个(56,59),名词单复数1个(62),词类转换1个(63)
无提示词:4个(57,61,64,65),其中冠词1个(57)并列连词1个(61),介词1个(64),关系代词1个(65)
语法填空重要考点:平时训练要重点练习:谓语动词,非谓语动词,固定搭配(考查了2个,57,64)
解题技巧和解题思路:
一.边阅读边填空,注重对句意的理解和句式结构的分析。
1. 56 (cover) an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
句意:大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为我国首批国家公园之一。
句式结构:the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 为主要结构,前面有逗号隔开,并且没有and,but, or等连词连接,说明前面与后面不是并列关系,而是状语,表原因,此处考查非谓语,cover与句子主语the GPNP是主动关系,所以56题应填Covering。
技巧点拨:所给提示词如果是动词,往往需要考虑此空是填谓语动词,还是非谓语动词。
57题考查的是一种倍数的表达方式:“A + be + 倍数 + the size / height / length ... + of + B”结构,表示“A 是 B 的……倍” ,故此处应 用定冠词 the。
2. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (长难句)
句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的区域,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入统一管理,提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。
句式结构:The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected为主要结构,其中包含that引导的定语从句,58题的提示词为动词,又处于定语从句中,此处缺少谓语动词。
技巧点拨:确定需要谓语动词,要从3方面考虑:时态,语态,主谓一致。
根据previously(以前,先前)可以确定用过去时,此处为be动词与后面的unprotected构成被动语态,that为定语从句的主语,指代前面的先行词areas,为复数,所以此处应填were。
bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.为现在分词做状语,其中包含又and连接的两个并列的目的状语increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management,做目的状语,要用不定式,因此此处应填to increase。
3. The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”.(长难句)
句意:大熊猫国家公园设计的指导原则是反映“保护真实性和完整性的自然生态系统,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,并为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资源”。
句式结构:主要结构:The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle
技巧点拨:提示词为动词,一般考虑填谓语动词还是非谓语动词。此句中缺少谓语动词。那就应该从3方面考虑:
时态:根据前一句的将来时和后一句的一般现在时,可以确定,此处与下文都是讲现在的状态,应为一般现在时。
语态:design(设计),与句子主语之间为被动关系,应为被动语态。
主谓一致:主语为The GPNP,单数,谓语动词应为单数,最终确定60题应为is designed。
of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”.引号内所有内容均为of的宾语,根据protecting,preserving,protecting,leaving可以确定其为4个并列的-ing形式,根据句意,最后一个并列词前面应由and连接。因此61题应为and。
4. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
句意:大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。
句式结构:此句为主系表结构,主要结构为The GPNP’s main goal is to improve…., and 63 (eventual) achieve… 表语为由and连接的两个不定式。62题为第一个不定式中由and连接的两个并列名词, between separate 62 (population) and homes,根据homes可知此处应为populations。
63题考查词性转换,此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词 achieve,故应填 eventually。
技巧点拨:如果所给提示词为名词,可以先考虑是否考查名词单复数。如果所给提示词为形容词,且处于动词,形容词,副词等前后,要考虑是否需要变为副词。
5. 64题较为简单,serve as(“充当 / 担任……),为固定搭配。
技巧点拨:无提示词的空格,要考虑应填虚词:介词,冠词,连词,从句的连接词等,例如57,61,64,65
6. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
句意:大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫栖息地的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。
句式结构:主句:The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species,在主句之后又出现两个并列动词live和 improve,说明后面为从句,根据句意可知,65之后为all the species的定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语,先行词为物,故考虑用that或which,又因为先行词species由all修饰(先行词由 all 修饰时,关系词一般用 that),因此65题应填that。
二.对于生词量多的长难句,如果看不懂句意,有的句子只根据句式结构也可以填对,比如61题,根据四个-ing形式,可以判断此处为并列关系,应该填and。
如果既看不懂句意,又搞不清句式结构,根据前面讲到的技巧也可以做对几个,比如提示词为名词,多考查单复数形式,比如提示词为形容词,多考查变为副词。