Hi, I'm Gina. Welcome to Oxford online English!
大家好，我是吉娜。欢迎收看牛津在线英语视频课程！
In this lesson, you can learn how to answer job interview questions in English.
Have you ever had a job interview in English?
本节课你可以学习如何用英语回答求职面试问题。
你是否有过英语求职面试？
If English is not your first language, answering job interview questions in English can add stress to the experience.
However, there are some simple, effective tips you can use to give better answers to job interview questions in clear, natural English.
如果英语并非你的母语，用英语回答求职面试问题就会平添不少压力。
然而，有一些简单有用的窍门你可以使用，助你用清晰自然的英语更好地回答求职面试问题。
You'll learn about these tips and tricks during this lesson!
You'll see eight common job interview questions and four different techniques you can use.
这节课就将学习这些窍门和技巧！你会了解八种常见的求职面试问题以及四种不同的实用技巧。
You'll see how to answer these common job interview questions, using the techniques we'll show you.
Let's start with our eight common job interview questions.
你会学习如何使用课程展示的技巧来回答这些常见的求职面试问题。
我们先来看看八种常见的求职面试问题吧。
Tell me a little about yourself. Where do you see yourself five years from now?
稍微谈谈你自己。你觉得自己五年后会做什么？
What are your strengths/weaknesses? What is your leadership style?
你有什么优点/缺点？你的领导风格是什么样的？
Can you tell me about a time when you demonstrated. . . ?
For example: can you tell me about a time when you demonstrated strong leadership?
你能给我举个展现你……的例子吗？例如：你能给我举个展现你领导能力强的例子吗？
Or: can you tell me about a time when you demonstrated excellent customer service?
Tell me about a time you dealt with a challenging situation at work.
又如：你能给我举个展现你客户服务出色的例子吗？举个你应对工作上难题的例子。
Why do you want this job? Why should we hire you?
你为什么想要这份工作？我们为什么要雇佣你？
What does concise mean? It means that you don't waste words.
简洁是什么意思？简洁是指你不说废话。
If you speak concisely, you get right to the point and don't add anything unnecessary to your answer.
Let's look at two questions in this section: tell me a little about yourself.
你若能说话简洁，就能直切正题，不会在答案中加入任何废话。
这一部分我们先看看这两个问题：稍微谈谈你自己。
Where do you see yourself five years from now?
These are very common job interview questions, and they're also very open questions.
你觉得自己五年后会做什么？这些是非常常见的求职面试问题，也是非常开放的问题。
Open questions can be dangerous. Do you know why?
开放性问题可能非常危险。你知道原因吗？
It's because you might ramble. Ramble means to talk a lot without saying much.
因为你可能会东拉西扯。东拉西扯是说你讲了很多话却没有多少内容。
This won't give the interviewer a good impression!
Let's start by looking at a sample answer to the question tell me a little about yourself.
这可不会给面试官留下好印象!我们先看一个回答“稍微谈谈你自己”这个问题的例子吧。
Well, I was born in a small town in northern Italy, where I also went to school. I studied engineering at university and then. . .
好吧，我出生在意大利北部的一个小镇，我也在那上学。我大学学了工程学，然后……
So, after I graduated. . . I mean, I did a master's degree first, but then I worked for a small firm in my hometown for a few years, which was great fun.
After that… Okay, we can stop there.
所以，我毕业后……我是说，我先拿了硕士学位，不过然后在家乡的一家小公司里工作了几年，那段经历很有趣。再然后……行了，我们可以停下了。
Do you think this is a good answer? Why or why not?
你觉得这样的回答好吗？为什么好或为什么不好？
It's not a very good answer. Why not?
这可不是个好回答。为什么不是呢？
There are three things the candidate does which you should try to avoid:
1. The candidate includes lots of unnecessary details.
2. He doesn't speak in full sentences.
该求职者有三个错误你应当避免：一，求职者说了太多没必要的细节。二，他说话的句式不完整。
3. He doesn't have any clear direction.
If you do these things, your answer to this question will be long and unfocused.
三，他没有什么明确的方向。
如果你这么做了，你对该问题的回答又长又缺乏重点。
What's the solution? You need to be more concise.
怎么解决呢？你需要更加简洁。
But how? First, avoid unnecessary details.
不过怎么做呢？首先，避免谈不必要的细节。
Don't give your entire work history; the interviewers can get that from your CV if they want it.
Secondly, speak in full sentences with a clear beginning and end.
不需要说出全部工作经历；如果愿意，面试官是可以从你的简历里得到那些信息的。
其次，用完整句式说话，要有清晰的开头和结尾。
This means you need to be thinking ahead while you speak. Thirdly, think about what you want to highlight in your answer, and put it at the beginning.
这是说你需要先动脑再开口。然后，思考一下你想在回答中强调什么，先说这部分内容。
This will give your answer a clear direction.
Let's look at some examples of this: I've always loved designing and building things, so I suppose it's natural that I became an engineer.
这样你的回答就有明确的方向了。
我们来看一些此类例子：我向来爱好设计和造东西，所以我认为我成为工程师是自然而然的。
I've worked in a variety of roles and companies, which I've learned a lot from, but now I'm ready for a new challenge. What do you think?
我在很多家公司工作过，干过很多职位，由此学了不少，不过现在我准备好迎接新挑战了。你怎么看呢？
Better? It's much better.
更好吧？好多了。
Let's look at the start. Immediately, the candidate identifies a key feature (he loves designing and building things), and links it to his engineering career.
我们看看开头。求职者立即明确了自己的一项关键特征（他喜欢设计和造东西），然后将之与他的工程师职业联系起来。
The candidate's answer is very concise: there are no unnecessary details, and it also has a clear end. What about our second question?
这位求职者的回答就非常简洁：没有什么不必要的细节，结束得也很清楚。第二个问题又如何呢？
Here's one possible answer: there are many things I could be doing. I'd like to have, you know, some sort of progress. . .
以下为一种可能的回答：有很多事我可以做。我想要多少进步一点……
What I mean is that I don't just want to be doing the same things I'm doing now. I like to be moving forward in my career, for example. . .
我是说，我不想和现在做一样的工作。我要在职业生涯上更进一步，比如……
Err. . . I definitely see myself in a better position than I am now. Good answer?
呃……我当然想得到比现在更好的职位。回答得不错？
Bad answer? Okay, it's not terrible, but it could be much better.
回答得不行？好吧，没那么糟，不过可以好好改进。
The candidate is rambling.
She doesn't make her point clear, she doesn't speak in full sentences, and she wastes words on unclear and unnecessary details.
这位求职者就在东拉西扯。她没说明白自己的观点，也没用完整句式，在不明确也不必要的细节上废话太多。
Here's a better answer: I don't know exactly, but the most important thing is that I continue to learn and grow in my career.
I'm the kind of person who needs new challenges to stay focused.
以下为更好的回答：我不是很确切，不过最重要的是我在职业生涯中不断学习和进步。
我是那种需要新挑战来保持专注的那类人。
I might even start my own business, because that's something I've always wanted to do at some point in my life. This is much more concise.
我甚至可能自己创业，因为我一直希望在人生中某个阶段那么做。这就简洁得多了。
The candidate's answer has a clear beginning and end, and doesn't waste words. So, what can you do to make your answers more concise?
这位求职者的回答开头和结尾都很清晰，且没有废话。所以，精简自己的回答你能做些什么呢？
The best way to practise is to record yourself speaking. You could record yourself answering these two questions.
最好的练习方法是录下自己的声音。你可以录下对这两个问题的回答。
Then, listen to yourself...
然后，听听自己的录音。尝试找到没说完的句子，或找到那些对表达意思没有任何作用的词语。
Then, try again. Keep practising until your answer is clean and focused.
然后再试一次。一直练习，直到你的回答干净有重点。
Next, let's look at another point which will make your answers clearer and more structured: signposting language.
Signposting language means words and phrases which show your listener where you're going.
接下来我们看看另一个能让回答更清晰，更有条理的要点吧：指示语。指示语是向听众指明你谈话方向的词语和措词。
For example, the words "for example" are signposting language.
When I say for example, you know I'm about to give you an example.
例如，for example 就是指示语。我说 for example，你就知道我要给出例子了。
Simple, right? Yes, but it's also very important.
很简单，对吧？没错，不过也非常重要。
Without signposting language, longer answers can lose focus and be hard to follow.
You'll see answers to two questions in this section: what are your strengths and weaknesses?
不使用指示语，较长的回答可能失去重点，很难听明白。这部分你会看到以下两个问题的回答：你有什么优缺点？
What is your leadership style? Let's look at a sample answer to the first question.
你的领导风格是什么样的？我们来看一下对第一个问题的回答样例。
I'm very good at working with other people.
In my last job, I always tried to encourage my colleagues and create a good atmosphere.
我很擅长和其他人合作。
在我上个工作中，我总是努力去鼓励我的同事，创造不错的氛围。
I suppose I can be a little bit careless sometimes.
I'm not the kind of person who focuses on details.
我觉得我可能有时不大细心。我不是那种关注细节的人。
I'm very calm, and I keep a cool head in very stressful situations. What do you think?
我非常冷静，在非常紧张的情况下我也能保持头脑清醒。你觉得怎么样？
It's not bad, but it could be hard to follow. The candidate jumps around a lot.
还不错，不过不太容易听明白。这位求职者多次变换话题。
Adding signposting language can make a big difference. Let's see how.
加上指示语就会有很大变化。我们来看看是怎样的效果。
Notice that the content is exactly the same.
We haven't changed the candidate's basic ideas at all.
注意内容完全是一样的。我们一点没改这位求职者的基本意思。
However, the answer is now much clearer and easier to follow.
Using signposting language like this can make a big difference!
不过，现在的回答就清楚多了，也更容易理解。这样应用指示语就会产生巨大效果。
Let's look at our second question for this section. What is your leadership style?
我们来看看这部分的第二个问题。你的领导风格是什么样的？
Look at a sample answer which doesn't use signposting language. I'm quite a hands-off manager.
先看一个没用指示语的回答样例。我是个不爱干涉的管理者。
If one of my team has a project, I'll keep an eye on things, but I don't need to be involved in every detail. I'm very approachable.
I make sure my team know they can come to me with problems or questions at any time.
如果我的团队成员手头有个项目，我会关注事态，不过我没必要参与每个细节。
我非常平易近人。我确保团队成员知道他们任何时候都能带着问题或难题找我。
I like to lead from the front. If everyone's working late to meet a deadline, I make sure I'm there with them.
我喜欢身先士卒。如果大家要工作很晚赶工期，我确保自己也会陪伴他们一起。
Now, look at some signposting language you could use in this answer. Now, you have a job to do!
现在看看你可以在这一回答中使用的指示语。现在你有活干了。
I want you to pause the video and put these signposting phrases into the answer you just saw. Go on, pause the video and do it now!
我希望你暂停视频，将这些指示语插入刚才的回答中。继续，暂停视频，现在就做吧！
Ready? Let's look at the answers.
准备好了？我们来看看答案吧。
How did you do? were you able to use the signposting language?
你做得怎么样？你会用指示词了吗？
Remember, signposting language might seem very simple, but don't forget about it.
Using signposting language well makes your answers much clearer and easier to follow.
记住，指示词可能看上去很简单，但不要忘记用。
充分利用指示词，你的回答就会更加清晰，也更容易理解。
Now, let's look at another way to make your answers more structured, clearer and more focused.
You'll see answers to these two questions in this section: can you tell me about a time when you demonstrated. . . ?
现在我们再来看看另一种能让回答更有条理，更清晰，更有重点的方法吧。
这部分你可以看到对以下两个问题的回答：你能给我举个展现你……的例子吗？
Tell me about a time you dealt with a challenging situation at work.
These questions are likely to need longer answers.
举个你工作上应对难题的例子。这两个问题可能需要较长的回答。
With longer answers, it's really important that your answers have a clear structure.
Otherwise, your meaning might get lost!
回答较长，那么回答要结构清晰就非常重要了。否则你所表达的意思就容易迷失。
There's a method you can use here; it's called the STAR method. STAR means situation, task, action, result.
这里有个你可以运用的方法；叫做 STAR 法。STAR 指情境，任务，行动和结果。
So, you start your answer by giving the context: what was the situation, and what did you have to do?
Then, you talk about what you actually did, and what the end result was.
所以，你回答开头要给出背景：情境是什么样的，你必须做什么？
然后你再谈谈你实际做了什么，以及最终结果是什么。
Let's do an example together.
Can you tell me about a time when you demonstrated excellent customer service?
我们一起看个例子吧。你能给我举个展现你客户服务出色的例子吗？
Let's use the STAR method.
There was one time when a customer's order hadn't arrived, and we didn't know what had happened to it.
我们来用 STAR 法。有一次一位客户的订单没送到，我们不清楚发生了什么。
The customer was very unhappy, and I had to try to solve the problem for him.
I arranged for a replacement to be sent, thinking we could find out what happened to the previous order later.
客户很不高兴，我必须努力为他解决这个问题。我安排重新送货作为替代，想着我们之后可以搞清此前的订单出了什么事。
In the end, the customer was happy that I could solve his problem quickly and simply.
You see how following this method lets you build clear, structured answers?
最终客户很高兴我能简单快捷地解决这一问题。
遵循这一方法，你就回答得很清楚，很有条理，你明白了这是怎么回事了吧？
Situation. Task.
情境。任务。
Action. Result.
行动。结果。
Let's do another example. Think about our second question.
我们来看看另一个例子。思考一下第二个问题。
Tell me about a time you dealt with a challenging situation at work. This time, you're going to try!
举个你工作上应对难题的例子。这次你来尝试一下！
Pause the video and make an answer to this question.
Your answer should be four sentences long.
暂停视频，回答这个问题。你的回答应该就四句话。
Follow the STAR method, one sentence for each part. How was that?
遵循 STAR 法，每个部分一句话。如何呢？
Did you find it easy to make your own answer?
Let's look at one way you could answer this question.
你觉得自己回答起来也很容易了吗？我们来看看回答这一问题的一个例子吧。
Once, we realised three days before a project deadline that two of our teams were using incompatible software tools.
As the project manager, I had to find a way to deal with this without causing any delays.
有一次，在项目最后期限的三天前，我们发现有两个团队用的软件工具不兼容。我是项目主管，必须找到解决方法，不能导致任何延误。
I talked to both team leaders and we made a plan for one team to convert their work into a different format, with help from some staff from other departments.
It was very close but we managed to get everything done on time.
我和两位团队领导谈了话，安排其中一个团队将其成果转变为不同格式，而其他部门的一些员工对此提供帮助。非常接近截止期限了，不过我们还是得以按时完成所有工作。
Again, you can see the STAR method in action: situation, task, action, result.
If you combine this STAR method with the signposting language you learned about in part two, you'll be able to express yourself clearly in English, even in longer and more complex answers.
你可以再一次看到应用了 STAR 法：情境，任务，行动，结果。将 STAR 法和第二部分学习的指示语相结合，你就能够清晰地用英语表达自己的观点了，即便需要做出更长，更复杂的回答。
Finally, let's look at another tip you can use to impress your interviewer and increase your chances of getting that job offer!
You're going to learn about mirroring and how it can help you.
最后，我们来看看另一个窍门，你可以用来给面试官留下深刻印象，并提高你得到工作录用的机会。你要学习镜像法以及这个方法对你有何帮助。
What does mirroring mean?
It means using some of the same words and expressions as the person you're talking to.
镜像法是什么意思呢？这是指使用和交谈对象一样的词语和表达方式。
For example, if the interviewer asks you: how do you think your values fit our company culture?
You could start your answer by saying: I think my values are a good fit for your company culture for two reasons. One. . .
例如，如果面试官问你：你觉得你的价值观念与我们公司文化如何相合呢？
你的回答可以这么起头：我觉得我的价值观念非常适合你们的公司文化，原因有两点。其一是……
Mirroring has several benefits. First, it keeps your answers focused.
镜像法有许多好处。首先，这让你的回答有重点。
By using the same words and phrases, your answer will be relevant.
More importantly, it shows the interviewer that you're listening and that you care about the questions and the company.
使用相同的词语和措词，你的回答就会切题。
更重要的是这向面试官表明，你有在听，而且你对问题和他们公司很在意。
Mirroring is powerful. We unconsciously mirror people when we like or respect them.
镜像法作用很大。我们喜爱或尊敬他人时会无意中模仿他们。
Using mirroring consciously will help you to make a better impression.
You should start by researching the company you're applying to.
有意使用镜像法可以帮助你留下更好的印象。你应当先从调查你要申请的公司开始。
How do they describe themselves?
What adjectives do they use on their website or in their advertising?
他们如何描述自己？他们在网站或广告中用了哪些形容词？
Also, read the job advertisement carefully.
Pay attention to the words they use to describe the candidate they're looking for.
另外，仔细阅读招聘广告。注意他们用来形容理想求职者的词语。
Use these words in your answers. Let's think about this question: why do you want this job?
在你的回答中用上这些词语。我们来思考一下这个问题：你为什么想要这份工作？
Imagine you're applying to a company which describes itself as "innovative" and "forward-looking". In the job advertisement, they say they want someone who is "creative" and "flexible".
设想你申请一家公司，该公司用“创新性”和“前瞻性”形容自己。招聘广告中，他们说想要“有创造力”和“善于变通”的人才。
Here's a good sample answer: creativity is very important to me, and I've always wanted to work in an environment where I can innovate and find my own solutions to challenges.
I also feel that your company will continue to evolve in the future, and I like the idea of contributing to that development.
以下为不错的回答样例：对我而言创造力非常重要，我一直希望自己的工作环境能允许我创新，遭遇挑战时允许我能寻求自己的解决方法。
我还觉得你们公司在未来会继续进步，我希望能为贵公司的发展做出贡献。
The candidate doesn't use all four words, but she does reference all four ideas.
For example, instead of "forward-looking", she talks about the company evolving in the future.
这位求职者没全部使用那四个词语，不过那四种理念她都有提及。比如，没用“前瞻性”这个词，她谈到对方公司会在未来继续进步。
In this way, she shows that she's in tune with the company's values. Let's do one more example.
这样的话，她就表明自己和该公司的价值观念相合了。我们再看一个例子。
Imagine you're applying to a company which describes itself as "commanding respect" and which talks with pride about its long history.
In the job advertisement, they say they want someone who has "great communication skills" and "passion for helping others".
设想你申请一家公司，该公司形容自己“博得尊敬”，并且很自豪地谈及自己的悠久历史。
在招聘广告中，他们说想要拥有“优秀沟通技能”和“帮助他人的热情”的人才。
During the interview, they ask: why should we hire you?
Here's a good sample answer, using mirroring.
面试中，他们问：我们为什么要雇佣你？以下为不错的回答样例，用了镜像法。
I believe that great customer service starts with good communication, which is a strength of mine.
I also think that in customer service, you need to care about what you're doing.
我相信优秀的客户服务从良好的沟通开始，而这恰是我的强项之一。我也认为客户服务中你需要在意自己在做什么。
I care about helping others and as such I believe you would find me to be a respectful and effective team member who can fit with the established traditions of your company.
Again, the candidate doesn't necessarily use the words directly, but he does reference all four of the ideas.
我在意帮助他人，因此我相信你会觉得我在团队中值得尊敬，很有作用，十分符合贵公司由来已久的传统。
还是这样，求职者未必要直接套用那些词，但他提及了全部四种理念。
Be careful if you use mirroring; you don't want to sound like a robot!
This is why you sometimes need to change words and phrases slightly, instead of repeating them again and again.
使用镜像法时要小心了；你不想听上去像个机器人吧！
这就是为什么有时需要稍微更换词语和措词，而不是一遍遍重复说那几个词。
Now, you've seen four effective techniques you can use to give better answers to job interview questions in English.
Remember: be concise, use signposting language, use the STAR method to structure longer answers, and mirror key words and phrases.
现在你已经学习了四种实用技巧，以此你可以更好地用英语回答求职面试问题了。
记住：保持简洁，使用指示语，运用 STAR 法来使较长回答更有条理，映射关键词语和措词。
We hope it was useful. Good luck if you have a job interview coming up soon!
我们希望这能有所作用。如果你不久就要求职面试了，那助你好运！
Thanks for watching! See you next time!
感谢收看！下节课再见！
