在欧美喜剧中,我们时不时能看到有角色因为花生过敏肿成“包子”。然而,在中国,却很少有人对花生严重过敏。难道花生还有地域歧视?
9月17日中国疾控中心英文周报发布了一系列关于中国不同人群食物过敏的研究论文,其中一项研究得出结论:中国人更容易海鲜过敏,欧美人更容易花生过敏。
Chinese researchers concluded a new study which shows that Chinese adults and children are more likely to be allergic to seafood, and less likely to be allergic to peanuts compared to people in the United States and Europe.
该研究重点介绍了2020年在我国江西省所做的过敏性调查,该调查共发放21273份食物过敏筛查问卷,涉及11935名成人和8856名儿童。
结果显示,江西人民的常见过敏原食物(food allergen)从高到低排序依次为虾、芒果、贝类、鸡蛋、鱼、牛肉、牛奶和羊肉,以动物源食物为主,与欧洲以花生、大豆为主有差异。
According to the study, shrimp, mangos and shellfish are the top three common food allergens in China's Jiangxi province, followed by eggs, fish, beef, milk and mutton.
这一差异意味着不同地区的文化、饮食、工业化程度以及生物因素都会影响当地人民的过敏模式。
南昌大学教授陈红兵参与了此项研究,他表示研究成果符合生活实际,与以往的研究结果一致。
陈教授称:“比如,以往的研究统计了儿童自我报告的食物过敏现象,发现常见的过敏源由高到低排序为:海鲜、鱼、蛋、水果和牛奶。”
"For instance, in a previous study on self-reported food allergies among children, seafood topped the list, followed by fish, eggs, fruits and milk," he said.
不过,他也表示,我们还需要更多流行病学研究来解释研究结果间的差异,同时判断中国各地的不同饮食习惯是否导致了食物过敏模式。
Chen said more epidemiological research is needed to address these discrepancies and to determine if various dietary habits across China result in varied food sensitivity.
还有一篇着重分析总结了2000年至2021年关于中国人食物过敏的24项研究成果。相关研究成果显示, 2009年至2018年,食物过敏的流行率为8%,高于1999-2008年(5%),这表明中国食物过敏的流行率正在上升。
In a separate study also published in China CDC Weekly last week, researchers found that the prevalence of food allergies in the population was 8 percent from 2009 to 2018, up from 5 percent from 1999 to 2008, "indicating that the prevalence of food allergies in China is on the rise".
复旦大学华山医院一名医生接受《医学界》采访时表示,食物过敏率上升是一个全球性现象,这是由生活方式、饮食习惯的改变,以及人们健康意识的提高和医学诊断能力的进步所导致的。
Luo Xiaoqun, a doctor at Fudan University's Huashan Hospital, said during an interview with media outlet YXJ.org.cn that the increasing rate of food allergies is a phenomenon observed worldwide, driven by changes in lifestyles, eating habits, as well as growing health awareness and diagnostic ability.
那么,如何避免食物过敏呢?这里给你来支招!
● 重视婴儿阶段的食物摄入。父母过敏的东西,给婴儿初次接触时需适当控制、观察,但不能绝对禁止;尽量母乳(breast milk)喂养,加入辅食时,不要一次性加入多种食物,以便及时明确是哪种食物导致的过敏。
Breastfeed your baby. Breastfeeding may reduce the risk of allergy and is linked to other health benefits.
● 怀疑有过敏症状,及时到医院进行过敏原测试,不要讳疾忌医。
An allergy test can determine whether your body has an allergic reaction to a known substance.
● 有明确过敏症的人群需要忌口,避免接触过敏原(allergen),也需要常备抗过敏药物,出现症状时及时吃药遏制。
Avoid your allergens and take your medicines as prescribed.