Basic Information
Chinese name: Pussy
Category: Human Organs
Functional sexual organs, reproductive organs
Also known as cunt, 喪
Structure
The structure of the vagina is mainly narrow at the lower part, and the lower end opens into the vestibule of the vagina through the vaginal opening. In the virgin stage, there is a hymen attached around the vaginal opening, which can be annular, half-moon, umbrella or sieve. After the hymen is ruptured, a hymen scar is left around the vaginal opening. The upper end of the vagina is wide and wraps around the cervix and vagina, forming an annular depression between the two, called the vaginal dome, which can be divided into anterior, posterior and two sides. The posterior part of the vaginal dome is the deepest, and is closely adjacent to the rectum-uterine depression, separated only by the vaginal wall and a layer of peritoneum. Clinically, it has great practical significance, such as the ability to drain the effusion in the depression through the posterior fornix.
ancient name
It is said that women are very mysterious, and the most mysterious place for women is their private parts. Because there are many names for women's private parts that we don't know. Among them, there are many names for women's private parts in ancient times. One is called Jinguang (Golden Ditch): that is, the vaginal opening or vaginal vestibule. The second is Fengji: the labia major and minor. The third is called Xuanpu: that is, it refers to the mons pubis or the vestibule of the vagina. The fourth is called rat woman or stinky rat: also refers to the vaginal opening or clitoris. Five is called Gu Shi: refers to the clitoris. Six is called wheat tooth: refers to the hymen. Seven called baby girl: refers to the posterior fornix in the vagina. Eight called anti-go: should refer to the left and right fornix of the vagina. Nine called He Yu: that is, the fornix in the vagina. Ten is called red: that is Dan point, also refers to the vaginal fornix. The eleventh is called Chichi: Chizhu, which refers to the cervix in the vaginal vault; the twelfth is called Mangshi: Kunshi, which refers to the junction of the vaginal vault and the rectum and uterine lacuna. In fact, the elegant and subtle appellation is related to Chinese culture. In Chinese culture, it is more about talking about yin color change, it seems that it is shameless to talk about female vagina. Whether it is the reproductive worship of primitive society, or the sexual intercourse between men and women has become obscure. To give a typical example, the palace of Heshuote in the Qing Dynasty had a pair of natural yin and yang stones—Fuxi Nuwa stones, which were originally natural treasures gifted by nature, but the palace could only offer them secretly. this is still a tribe that worships reproduction. . In China, wherever male and female genitals are involved, people are kept at a distance, and even many sex museums are rarely visited.
Physiological anatomy
The vagina is a flexible tubular organ located between the bladder, urethra and rectum. It has a variety of physiological functions in the process of human reproduction. It is a channel connecting the uterus and the vulva. It is the only way to discharge menstrual blood and deliver babies. It is also an important sexual intercourse organ. The vaginal orifice is located in the diamond-shaped space between the labia minora on both sides—the back of the vaginal vestibule. The shape and size of the vaginal orifice vary greatly among individuals. If the vaginal orifice is narrow, it will often cause difficulty in sexual intercourse. There is also an annular mucosal fold called the hymen in the vaginal opening of the virgin. This membrane-like tissue contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerve endings, which can partially seal the vagina. The inner edge of the hymen is sharp and complete, and the hymen of unmarried women is light red. The hymen is usually not completely sealed, and has a small hole in the middle for menstrual blood to flow out after puberty.
The shape and size of the pores and the thickness of the membrane can vary from person to person. The hymen of unmarried women is generally half-moon-shaped or oval-shaped, and can also be sieve-shaped, radial-shaped, fish-mouth-shaped or other shapes. They vary in size, some are so small that they cannot fit through one finger, and some are so large that they can fit two fingers. The hymen is generally about 2 mm thick, and it is mostly ruptured during the first sexual intercourse, but there are many exceptions. If the hymen is too narrow and thin, it can rupture during exercise, vibration, and placement of menstrual plugs. From the perspective of sex life, people are more concerned about the vagina, because after all, it is directly related to sex life. People jokingly call it a "hole" or a "bucket", but it is not actually a cave, but a closed space. It functions a bit like a balloon, in that the walls of the vagina are usually close to each other, but can be fully expanded when needed. The vagina is actually an elastic muscle organ, which can contract and relax. When it contracts, it can't even insert a little finger. When it relaxes, the penis can be inserted or twitched at will, and it can even accommodate the fetus and allow the fetus to pass through it. The tightness of the female vagina is very different. The vagina of unmarried women is relatively tight and the muscles are full of elasticity. After giving birth, the vaginal wall becomes loose and the vagina is relatively loose.
Many people lack understanding of the systolic and diastolic potential of the vagina. Men, out of concern for couples, are afraid that penetration of the penis will cause damage to the woman's body, and women are also worried that sexual intercourse will harm their body. Some people worry that the vagina is too narrow to limit the penetration of the penis. In fact, a real small vagina and a real small penis are also rare. The problem lies in the reaction state of the woman during insertion. As long as the woman is highly excited, no matter how big the penis is, it will not be a problem. The problem, on the contrary, is that even a small penis will suffer if the woman is not excited at all. Long-term abstinence or postmenopausal women's sexual response is slow when they resume sex, so don't rush into the woman before she is highly excited, otherwise it will only bring her pain instead of pleasure. When the obstetric injury causes excessive vaginal relaxation, it not only greatly reduces the sensitivity of women's external sensation and proprioception during sexual intercourse, but also affects the external sensation stimulation of the man, but it is not so serious. This depends on the pubococcygeus muscle exercise to restore the muscle's tone, elasticity and adjustment ability. In adult women, the anterior vaginal wall is shorter, about 7-9 cm, and the posterior wall is longer, about 9-12 cm.
Usually, the front and back walls of the vagina are close to each other so that the cross section is "h" shaped. The upper segment is bent downward and backward, close to the sacral concave, and its lower end is bent forward, making the sagittal plane of the vagina an "s" shape. The upper end of the vagina is wider and surrounds the cervix. The annular space between the cervix and the vaginal wall, called the vaginal fornix, is divided into four parts: anterior, posterior, and left and right according to its location. The posterior fornix as the semen reservoir is particularly deep and wide. In the lithotomy position of the bladder, the posterior fornix of the vagina is the lowest part of the vagina. This anatomical relationship is conducive to the swimming of sperm from the vagina to the cervix, because the external os of the cervix is in the normal position. the posterior fornix of the vagina. The posterior fornix is the most dilatable part of the vagina, providing the necessary space for an erect penis while preventing excessive displacement of the cervix and possible dyspareunia. In addition to vaginal epithelium and muscle, the vaginal wall also has a fibrous tissue adventitia. The vaginal epithelium is pink with stratified squamous epithelium but no keratinized layer. The epithelium of the vaginal wall has many folds and a rhombus-shaped palisade of muscle layers that are fully stretched during sexual intercourse and childbirth. During the normal menstrual cycle, the morphology of the epithelial cells exfoliated from the vaginal epithelium changes with the changes of ovarian endocrine. Therefore, the pathological examination of the exfoliated vaginal epithelium can preliminarily determine the endocrine function of the ovary.
Another important physiological feature of the vagina is that it has abundant muscles around it, called the pubococcygeus muscle. During sexual twitching, its slight contraction causes the penis to feel the "tightening" feeling, which will be felt during orgasm. Strong and rhythmic contractions, the grip on the man's penis is significantly enhanced. Some women's pubococcygeus muscles are weak and inflexible, especially after giving birth, making it difficult for men to experience the aforementioned gripping sensation during orgasm. The vagina itself has no secretory glands. Its normal secretions are composed of a small amount of exudate infiltrated by the rich vascular network around the epithelium, mixed with exfoliated epithelium and cervical mucus. Normally, the amount is not much, and it is protein-like or milky and moisturizing. vaginal. After puberty, due to the stimulation of ovarian endocrine, the vaginal epithelial cells are rich in animal starch, which becomes starch after being decomposed by vaginal bacteria, so that the vaginal secretions are weakly acidic (pH about 4.5), which can prevent pathogenic bacteria from multiplying in the vagina. , the so-called self-purification of the vagina.
The vagina of normal women is slightly moist and exudes a natural smell. If there is an abnormal smell, it is likely that it has not been cleaned for a long time or has inflammation. As long as you don't suffer from vaginal disease and can wash your genitals regularly, you don't have to be ashamed of the peculiar smell of your vagina, and there is no need to over-wash or use certain cosmetics or deodorants that are detrimental to your health. The female urethra located above the vagina is very short, about 2.5-5 cm in length, 3.5 cm in average, about 0.8 cm in diameter, and 1-1.3 cm in expansion. Because the female urethra is short and straight, it is more prone to ascending infection. Due to lack of basic sexual knowledge, or because the hymen is too thick to prevent insertion, or because the woman does not have a vagina, they mistake the urethra for a vagina, and have sexual intercourse in the urethra for a long time, until the infertility prescription comes to diagnosis and treatment for many years. Surprisingly, this action did not pose a great threat to the urethral sphincter, which expands sufficiently when the penis enters the urethra and returns to its original shape after withdrawal, and it caused neither incontinence nor urinary tract infection .
Anatomical Division
The vagina is divided into four parts: anterior, posterior, left and right according to its position. The posterior fornix is the deepest, and it is closely adjacent to the rectum-uterine depression, which is the lowest in the pelvic cavity. Clinically, it can be punctured or drained.
In-depth analysis
Vaginal size: The question of whether a woman's vagina can match a man's. It is also the concern of many unmarried women. Usually the depth of the vagina of women is 7-12cm, the front wall is short and the back wall is long, the width can accommodate two fingers, and the vaginal wall has many horizontal wrinkles, which have greater flexibility and elasticity. When aroused, the depth of the vagina increases by one-third, and the width also increases, so there is generally no organ mismatch. We can often see a tall husband with a petite wife, and their sex life is just as harmonious; many people of different races in the world can also marry vaginas and have children; women can also have a fetus with a diameter of 10 cm during childbirth. Through the vagina, these can make us imagine how accommodating the female vagina is, so your worries in this regard are completely unnecessary. The time to stimulate the vagina: an average of only 30 seconds, just one deep kiss with a woman, the shape of the vagina is changing dramatically, and it is enough to put the woman into a state of combat readiness. Vaginal angle: When a woman is lying down, the horizontal plane of the vagina and the bed is generally at a downward angle of 15 degrees, but it varies from person to person, so you must feel it clearly before deciding how to enter. Vaginal temperature: The average is about 37 to 37.8 degrees Celsius; but when excited and congested, the temperature in the vagina can rise sharply to 38.5 degrees Celsius, which will accelerate the blood flow and make you excited.
Physiological function
The vagina is a very important conduit that connects the female internal and external genitalia. It is the female sexual organ and the channel for the discharge of menstrual blood and the delivery of the fetus. The upper end of the vagina is connected to the uterus, and its lower end is the vaginal opening. The front of the vagina is adjacent to the bladder and urethra, and the back is connected to the rectum and perineum. Because there is a bladder in front of the vagina and a rectum in the back, if it takes too long to give birth to a child, the head of the fetus presses against the vaginal wall for too long, which can lead to the necrosis of the vaginal wall due to hypoxia and ischemia, resulting in serious leakage of urine and feces. . Therefore, it is not advisable to prolong the labor process during labor.
Physiological functions of the vagina
① The channel that transports menstrual blood from the uterus to the outside of the body.
② An important place for women to have sex. The anterior wall of the lower vaginal segment is particularly sensitive to sexual activity.
③ Under normal circumstances, the vagina is the channel through which the fetus is delivered from the mother. ④ The vagina is the window for examining the female internal genitalia.
Physiological characteristics
①The potential for stretching and adjustment of the female vagina is sometimes quite amazing.
② Each segment of the vagina responds differently to sexual stimulation. For example, 1/3 of the outer vaginal segment is differentiated from ectoderm and is rich in nerve fibers, so the nerve endings that respond to touch are only concentrated near the vaginal opening. The inner 2/3 of the vagina is from the mesoderm and has no nerve endings, so the outer 1/3 of the vagina is more sexually sensitive than the inner 2/3. As far as the penis is concerned, although the size of the penis varies greatly during relaxation, the difference after erection decreases. Generally speaking, the depth of the outer vaginal segment can be greatly exceeded after erection. Therefore, the determinant of female sexual satisfaction is by no means the penis. size thickness.
③ Another important physiological feature of the vagina is that it has abundant muscles around it, called the pubococcygeus muscle. ④ The vagina itself has no secretory glands.
Common situation
Anomaly Analysis
inner vagina
The main factors that affect the vaginal microenvironment are: 1. The development and maturity of the vagina 2. Whether the regular contraction function of the vaginal muscle layer is normal or not 3. Whether the secretion function of the vaginal mucosal cells is normal 4. The sperm activation in the vaginal secretions Quantity and activity of factors 5. The pH of vaginal secretions 6. Vaginal inflammation 7. The level and proportion of sex hormones in the body 8. Peripheral nerve function and regulation 9. Microvascular system function and blood supply (supply oxygen, nutrients, eliminate cells metabolites) The vagina is one of the most important channels for transporting sperm. Whether the vaginal environment is good or not directly affects the survival rate of sperm and the combination of sperm and egg.
vulva
In addition to various factors that affect the vaginal microenvironment itself, such as the metabolites of the host and the products of bacteria itself, the microenvironment of the vagina has exogenous factors, including: 1. Sexual intercourse 2. Washing 3. Living habits 4. Others that interfere with the vagina The microenvironment is therefore unstable. The vaginal flora is very complex. In addition to protozoa and fungi, it also includes many aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. These microorganisms can be divided into commensal and pathological ones. They all grow in a common environment. Has orange resistance. Another factor that affects its growth is the concentration of hydrogen ions. When the pH is 3.8 to 4.2, it is conducive to the reproduction of commensal bacteria, especially Lactobacillus, which is the main bacterial species in a healthy vagina. The density of vaginal fluid can reach 105 to 105 108ml, when the vagina is infected by microorganisms, even if lactobacillus is dominant, it can still maintain pH3.8~4.2, it will not cause disease, and lactobacillus can also produce H202, which is toxic to other microorganisms and inhibits their reproduction. Others such as Streptococcus lactis, Enterobacter, Proteus, Gafkyococcus, Veillonella, etc. are common in the lower part of the vagina and usually do not produce symptoms.
Vaginal flora restricts each other, so that pathological bacteria cannot function. If this balance is destroyed, the mutual restraint effect disappears, so the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases, lactobacilli lose their advantages, and pathological bacteria can multiply, resulting in symptoms. Bacterial vaginosis is a mixed infection caused by the reduction of lactobacilli in the vagina and the proliferation of other bacteria, mainly Gardnerella, various anaerobic bacteria and mycoplasma. Trichomonas vaginitis is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, an attribute-transmitted sexually transmitted disease, and the route of transmission is through direct infection (transmitted through sexual intercourse, 75% of the spouses suffering from Trichomonas vaginitis can find Trichomonas in their semen) and indirect infection (Through various bathing equipment, swimming pools, public toilets or contaminated clothes and equipment), in the census, the detection rate of trichomoniasis was 3.56%, and some women without inflammation were called carriers.
Candida vaginitis is mainly caused by Candida albicans. In normal and healthy vagina, a small amount of this bacteria can be parasitized, but it is generally not diseased. Pregnancy, diabetes, immunosuppressants, long-term antibiotic users, and in humid and hot environments are also susceptible to infection. According to statistics, about 10% of non-pregnant women and one-third of pregnant women are infected with this disease, but few people seek medical treatment because of insignificant symptoms. As for the incidence of vaginitis caused by non-albicans Candida (such as Bacteroides glabrata, etc.), the incidence of vaginitis increased from 9.9% in 1988 to 17.2% in 1995. Women infected with HIV were recently infected by non-albicans infected women. Women with recurrent candidal vaginitis were 2.47 times more likely to be infected with non-albicans candida than infected with candida albicans.
peculiar smell
Vaginal odor usually does not appear alone, it often occurs with other symptoms, and these symptoms are also symptoms of vaginitis. Abnormal vaginal discharge is often manifested as pus-like, bean curd-like or bloodshot-like, and often has a peculiar smell. Not frequently changing underwear, sanitary napkins, not frequent bathing, etc. can cause vaginitis. In addition, from the pathological analysis, it is mainly caused by the growth of bacteria and the destruction of the normal acid-base balance of the vagina. Vaginitis can be divided into bacterial vaginosis, fungal vaginitis and trichomonas vaginitis according to the different bacteria infecting.
Pregnancy Analysis
Changes occur in a woman's vagina after pregnancy and childbirth.
Happening
The average length of the anterior vaginal wall of pregnant women is 7-9cm, and the posterior wall is 9-12cm. With the increase of the number of births and the increase of age, the vagina also extends. For each delivery, the anterior wall of the vagina grows by 0.5-1.2 cm, and the posterior wall grows by 1.0-2.0 cm.
Variety
Due to the injury of the birth canal during childbirth, vaginal and perineal tears often occur, involving the perineal body and the tissues attached to it (such as urogenital diaphragm, bulbocavernosus muscle, levator ani muscle, etc.). Sometimes there is no obvious laceration of the vaginal mucosa and skin, but the deep muscles, fascia and nerve fibers are broken, and the supporting tissues of the vagina and external vaginal opening are weakened and relaxed, and some need to be repaired for the front and rear walls of the vagina.
harm
Women who have given birth only stimulate the clitoris, labia and urethra during sexual intercourse, which is difficult to satisfy, and often requires simultaneous stimulation of the cervix and fornix in order to promote the arrival of orgasm.
repair
During childbirth, because the fetus passes through the vagina, the vaginal wall is stretched, and there will be swelling and many small wounds, tingling when urinating 1-2 days after childbirth, and recovering after 1 week. Under normal circumstances, the enlarged vagina can be tightened 1 day after delivery. After childbirth, the vagina enlarges, the muscles of the vaginal wall relax, and the tone decreases. Vaginal folds disappear due to overstretching during labor. During the puerperium, vaginal muscle tone gradually recovered, but not fully to pre-pregnancy levels. Mucosal folds begin to reappear around 3 weeks postpartum.
Relaxation Analysis
concept
Vaginal relaxation is a physiological condition that occurs in women with age, and the main population is postpartum women. Severe vaginal relaxation will reduce the quality of life of couples. With the gradual change of modern people's understanding, vaginal relaxation has received more and more attention from women, and vaginal shrinking products are becoming more and more popular. There are many reasons that can lead to vaginal relaxation in women, the most common cause is childbirth, and vaginal delivery can lead to relaxation. This is also one of the main reasons why many women are reluctant to give birth naturally. Of course, there are other factors in it, such as congenital structural relaxation and age. Whatever the reason, women should be held in high regard because it can trouble you. Vaginal relaxation is a major cause of decreased or even loss of sexual pleasure in women who have given birth, and the causes of vaginal relaxation are often associated with natural childbirth. When the vagina is loose, because the vagina is loose, the ability of the original vagina to "grip" the penis during sex is reduced, and the contact of the sexual organs is difficult to achieve full and satisfactory, and the pleasure of sex decreases or even disappears naturally. Therefore, during the postpartum recovery period, it is necessary to carry out restorative exercises for the pelvic muscle groups, and not always eat, drink, and sleep too "take care".
So, how should postpartum women, or women who have had vaginal laxity, exercise pelvic muscles? The traditional Chinese health-preserving exercise method of "retracting the anus and raising the air" can exercise the pelvic muscles well. The method is: every morning and evening in a place with fresh air, take a deep breath and hold your breath. At the same time, such as forbearance, urination-like contraction of the anus, so repeated more than 100 times. When you get used to it, you can do it in your daily life, regardless of the number of times, you can do the above exercises when you have time. After a certain period of training, the tension of the pelvic muscles will be greatly improved, the muscles around the vagina will become plump and powerful, and the relaxation of the vagina can be cured without medicine. And foreign "interrupted urination" training can also improve the muscle tension around the vagina, the method is: urination interruption exercise, endure half of urination to let the urine interrupt, stop after a while to continue urinating. so repeatedly. After a period of exercise, the muscle tone around the vagina increases and the vagina narrows.
childbirth
Vaginal laxity is a decrease in the tension of the pelvic muscle groups, causing the muscles around the vagina to relax and widen the vagina. There are many reasons for postpartum vaginal relaxation. The fetus is too large (the head is too large), causing birth trauma during natural childbirth; mid-term induction of labor causes vaginal damage; multiple deliveries; Excessive exertion leads to poor recovery of pelvic muscles and so on. For women who have given birth, the vagina is irreparably stretched, and from pregnancy to childbirth, the vagina expands to hundreds of times at the maximum, especially for natural childbirth trauma, mid-term induction of vaginal damage, multiple deliveries, and vaginal elasticity. The fibers are completely broken. Even when the cesarean section is in labor, the muscles and elastic fibers of the pelvic cavity will be fully extended to prepare the birth canal for the birth of the baby. Therefore, women with a cesarean section will also have vaginal relaxation, which makes the married life feel lost. Can vaginal relaxation be restored? The vagina itself has a certain repair function, and the postpartum dilation phenomenon can be recovered within 3 months after delivery. But after all, after being squeezed and torn, the muscles in the vagina are damaged, so the recovery of vaginal elasticity will take longer.
Postpartum mothers can strengthen the recovery of elasticity and promote vaginal firmness through some exercises.
1. Hold the urine: In the process of urinating, consciously hold the urine for a few seconds, interrupt urination, and then continue urinating after a while. This repetition, after a period of exercise, can improve the tension of the muscles around the vagina.
2. Lifting anus exercise: When you have the urge to have a bowel movement, hold your stool and do a levator anus exercise. Repeated often, can be a good exercise for the pelvic muscles.
3. Contraction exercise: Lie on your back, relax your body, gently insert a finger into the vagina, then contract the vagina, clamp the vagina for 3 seconds, then relax, repeat several times. Time can be gradually increased.
4. Other sports: When walking, consciously tighten the muscles of the inner side of the big foot and the perineum, then relax and repeat the exercise. After these daily exercises, the tension of the pelvic muscles and the muscles around the vagina can be greatly improved, and the elasticity of the vagina can be restored, which is helpful for sexual life.
In addition to restorative exercise, postpartum mothers should also ensure the intake of necessary nutrients to ensure the recovery of the muscle vagina. The vagina is an anterior and posterior flat muscular tube composed of mucous membranes, muscular layers and adventitia. It is rich in extensibility and connects the uterus and external genitalia. It is a sexual organ where semen is retained and coagulated. The dilated vaginal vestibular bulb serves as the postcoital semen storage site and provides sperm for the cervical depot. The folds of the vagina and the rhombus-shaped muscular layer allow the vagina to expand during sexual intercourse and childbirth. Although the vagina does not contain glands, the vaginal wall can be moistened with the help of vaginal epithelial secretions, cervical mucus and endometrial secretions. . The posterior vaginal fornix is the lowest part of the vagina in the cross-section of the bladder. This anatomical position relationship facilitates the transport of sperm from the vagina to the cervix, because the normal position of the external cervical orifice facing the posterior vaginal fornix is the most easily dilated part of the vagina, which provides a suitable space for the erect penis. The narrow vaginal canal and vaginal chemical and microbial environment prevent microorganisms from invading the internal reproductive tract. The vagina is also the discharge conduit for menstrual bleeding and secretions from the cervix, endometrium, and fallopian tubes, and it is also the birth canal during normal childbirth. These functions are accomplished through various physiological characteristics such as vaginal contraction, expansion, secretion and absorption.
The hymen around the vaginal opening of a virgin is attached. There is a hole in the middle of the hymen, the size of the hole, the shape and thickness of the membrane vary from person to person, and there are hymen residues around the vaginal opening after the rupture. The vagina is a muscular tube composed of mucous membranes, muscular layers and adventitia. It is rich in extensibility. The upper end surrounds the cervix and the lower end opens in the vestibule of the vagina, connecting the uterus and the external genitalia. The annular space formed between the cervix and the vaginal wall is called the vaginal dome. The vaginal dome can be divided into anterior, posterior and left and right parts, of which the posterior part of the vaginal dome is deeper and adjacent to the rectum-uterine depression. When there is pus accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, puncture or incision and drainage can be performed through this part. The anterior wall of the vagina is short, about 6-7cm long, the upper part is adjacent to the bladder bottom and neck by the vesico-vaginal septum, and the lower part is adjacent to the urethra by the urethra-vaginal septum. The posterior wall of the vagina is long, about 7.5 to 9 cm long, the upper part is adjacent to the recto-uterine depression, the middle part is adjacent to the rectum ampulla by the rectovaginal septum, and the lower part is between the anal canal and the perineal central tendon. The perineum refers to the entire soft tissue below the pelvic diaphragm that closes the lower opening of the pelvis, that is, the generalized perineum. It is rhombus-shaped, and its boundary is consistent with the lower pelvis. The front is the lower border of the pubic symphysis and the pubic arcuate ligament, the two sides are the pubic arch, the ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament, and the rear is the coccyx tip. The perineum can be divided into the anterior urogenital area and the posterior anal area through the connection between the two ischial tuberosities. In a narrow sense, the perineum refers to the part between the root of the penis and the anus in males; in females, it refers to the part between the rear end of the vestibule of the vagina and the anus, also known as the obstetric perineum. The anal region, also known as the anal triangle, includes the anal canal and the ischiorectal fossa.
reason
Vaginal relaxation refers to the decrease in the tension of the pelvic muscles, which causes the muscles around the vagina to relax, the vagina becomes wider, and in severe cases, the vaginal wall may bulge. Because of the great impact on the normal married life, it has brought a lot of distress to women, and it has become an indelible pain and embarrassment in women's hearts. The main reasons for relaxation are as follows:
1. Childbirth: During childbirth, the fetal head enters the pelvis, compressing the muscles and fascia of the pelvic floor and related supporting structures, as well as the various ligaments supporting the uterus. The fascia is torn and the supporting ligaments become loose, which is one of the reasons why modern women are reluctant to give birth naturally and prefer to have a caesarean section.
2. Age: With the increase of age, the level of estrogen in women decreases, which causes the muscles, fascia, ligaments and related supporting structures to deform and deform, the tension of the muscles decreases, the fascia becomes thinner, and the vaginal mucosa appears atrophy. It exacerbates the relaxation of the vagina.
vaginal health
living habit
1. Pay attention to menstrual hygiene, correctly use sterilized toilet paper and sanitary napkins, wash and change underwear frequently, and put underwear in the sun after washing; wash the vulva with pH4 weakly acidic feminine care solution before going to bed.
2. Women should pay attention to the hygiene during intercourse. Why does sexual intercourse add to women's incomprehension? Mainly because those foreign objects are not clean, and they also break the acidic environment of the vagina. Compared with the acidic environment of the vagina, the male penis is more alkaline. Since the skin of the penis is the skin instead of the mucous membrane, the pH of the skin is almost 5.5, so the penis is more alkaline than the vagina. In addition, the penis is tightly wrapped, sweat and men's "indiscriminate" often lead to the growth of a large number of cocci on the penis, and these cocci are not lactobacilli that produce lactic acid in the vagina, but pathogenic bacteria that cause vaginal inflammation . In addition, cocci are also present in the female vulva, and are different from those in the vagina. Therefore, every sexual intercourse, a woman's vagina is like encountering a "natural enemy": the female vulvococcus and the coccus carried by the penis will be brought into the vagina, coupled with the weak alkaline of the penis itself (relative to the vagina), the result. It breaks through the ecological balance in the vagina.
Moreover, the vagina is opened during intercourse, and there is more contact with the outside world. In this way, it is neutralized by alkali, the number of foreign cocci increases, and it communicates with the outside world... Therefore, it is not surprising that the pH value of the vagina will soar from about 4 to 7.2 after intercourse and maintain it for 6-8 hours. The health of the vagina is maintained by an acidic environment, which increases the chance of infection and inflammation. Especially in the menstrual period, the acidic environment in the vagina has been broken through by menstruation. Coupled with the alkaline and coccus brought by men, the probability of infection is increased by several percent. This also explains why women who have not had sex are less likely to be infected with inflammation under the same sanitary conditions, and why those women who have sex and "sex workers" are more likely to be infected with inflammation.
3. Prevent fashion vaginitis. Due to the short crotch and poor ventilation, the popular body shape pants are easy to breed bacteria.
4. Prevent indirect infection of venereal vaginitis. Special attention should be paid to swimming, sauna and bathing.
5. Pay attention to the hygiene of sexual life. When sexual partners suffer from genital tract inflammation, try to avoid sexual life or use condoms for isolation to prevent infection.
6. Do not blindly abuse antibiotics and hormones, they will lead to the imbalance of the flora in the body and suffer from fungal vaginitis. 7. Pregnant women cannot use any vaginal douches. Because there is an embryo in the mother's body, the whole immunity will decline, and fungal vaginitis often occurs. If you have fungal vaginitis, you should use medicines specially designed for pregnant women to treat fungal vaginitis.
clean vagina
Prepare your own special cleaning basin, special cleaning utensils, and towels. Cleaning utensils should be washed before use, and towels should be dried in the sun or in a ventilated place after use, preferably in the sun, which is conducive to sterilization and disinfection. Because the towel has not seen the sun for a long time, it is easy to breed bacteria and fungi. Wash the vulva with a pH4 mildly acidic feminine care solution to reduce skin irritation. Wipe clean with a tissue from front to back after defecation, and it is best to develop the habit of washing or rinsing the anus with warm water. If it is not cleaned, there will be fecal stains left in the anus, which will contaminate the underwear, and the intestinal bacteria contained in the fecal stains will take the opportunity to abduct into the vagina, causing inflammation. During the period, wash the vulva frequently with warm water and change the sanitary napkin frequently to prevent blood stains from becoming a culture medium for bacteria. Do not use alkaline soaps or chemicals such as potassium permanganate when cleaning to avoid changing the normal acidic environment of the vagina. Some women use various lotions to clean their lower bodies for a long time, and some women even rinse their vaginas with tap water when bathing, which is not advisable. The female vagina is an acidic environment and has a self-cleaning effect.
Long-term use of various lotions to flush the vagina will kill the vaginal bacteria that are beneficial to the body, reduce local resistance, and increase the chance of infection. Daily cleaning can use ph4 weakly acidic feminine care solution. Reproductive tract infection is a disease faced by many women. It will not only cause physical harm to the patient, but also cause greater psychological harm to the patient due to the itching of the genitals, the unpleasant smell and the pain during the couple's sex life. Mastering the correct knowledge of hygiene and focusing on preventing the occurrence of diseases in life is the fundamental way to stay away from pain. Protect the only way to the uterus and ovaries. The vagina is the key factor to prevent gynecological diseases. The nest is harmonious, the woman is harmonious, the couple is harmonious! The vagina and the uterus are female reproductive organs, cherish them, that is your future or present happiness a part of. So protect your vagina. It is forbidden to rinse the vagina with cold water during the menstrual period.
menstruation
We have problems of one kind and another, such as using sanitary pads, cleaning the vagina. When cleaning the vagina, don't blindly clean it. How to do it? Look at the following five requirements: 1. Change the sanitary napkin frequently, and clean the vulva twice a day with a pH4 weakly acidic feminine care solution. 2. If there is no shower condition for cleaning, you can do "one person, one basin, one towel and one water" when taking a bath. 3. The genitals and feet should be washed separately. 4. Do not take cold baths. 5. Because the endometrium has numerous small wounds during the menstrual period, the cervix is open, so do not take a sitz bath. When menstruation comes, you should pay attention to five points to wash your vagina frequently. Beware of ectopic pregnancy. In daily life, strengthen self-protection awareness, develop good hygiene habits and pay attention to some "sections", which can often play a multiplier effect on preventing gynecological diseases. Do not put clothes in public bathrooms; wash your vulva and underwear before washing your feet; do not change clothes with other people, especially underwear; the basins and towels for cleaning the genitals must be dedicated, and the towels should be boiled and disinfected regularly. Women must be treated early, otherwise it is easy to cause fungal vaginitis; do not long-term abuse of antibiotics and chemical drugs to flush the vagina, to prevent bacterial dysbiosis from causing fungal vaginitis and so on.
maternity
New mothers suffer from vaginal damage after giving birth. For the first 3 days in the hospital, nurses will clean the vulva every day. If necessary, you can increase the number of cleanings by yourself. After returning home to confinement, you can clean the vulva 1-2 times a day by yourself. Using pH4 weakly acidic feminine care solution, the cleaning sequence should be from front to back to keep the vulva clean, which can prevent puerperium infection. New mothers should not use alkaline soaps to clean the genitals after giving birth. They should try to choose less irritating female care solutions. New mothers have unstable immune balance, and alkaline substances can easily destroy the sterilization "yin protection" effect of the weakly acidic environment of the genitals. Then, how to clean the genitals after episiotomy? Under normal circumstances, the perineum should be washed with a weakly acidic feminine care solution of pH4 every day, especially after each bowel movement, the genitals should be wiped with feminine care hygiene wipes. Rub, should be from front to back. Some mothers will have wound edema due to a long second stage of labor. The sutures are tightly tightened before the stitches are removed, and 95% alcohol gauze or 50% magnesium sulfate solution can be used for hot compress and wet compress, twice a day. When the wound is swollen, not painful, and induration, follow the doctor's advice to take antibiotics, and soak the wound in a local 1:5000 potassium permanganate warm water sitz bath, 2 times a day, for 10-15 minutes each time.
take care of the vagina
Keep the abdomen warm: From the perspective of yin and yang, men belong to yang and women belong to yin. Although women are yin, the uterus should maintain a yang state, that is, to keep warm to be healthy. While males are yang, their testicles must remain yin, that is, they must be cool to be healthy. Therefore, a woman's reproductive system is most afraid of cold. The coldness of the lower body directly leads to the cold of the female palace. In addition to cold hands and feet and dysmenorrhea, it will also cause weak sexual desire and lack of desire. The congestion caused by the cold in the palace leads to the increase of leucorrhea and the decline of the sanitary environment in the vagina, which leads to pelvic inflammatory disease and endometriosis. Therefore, by keeping the lower body warm, women can avoid many gynecological diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine often says that "warm the uterus to conceive a child", as long as the uterus and pelvic qi and blood are clear, and the inflammation is eliminated, a baby can be conceived naturally. Therefore, a healthy, "fortunately pregnant" belly is warm and soft. Keep blood circulation flowing in the lower body: don't wear tight shapewear, jeans that are too tight. The female vagina is an acidic environment and has a self-cleaning effect. Daily cleaning can use ph4 weakly acidic feminine care solution.
Keep the private parts dry and ventilated: The female genitals are moist all year round, and if they can be adequately ventilated, they can also reduce the possibility of gynecological diseases. Too much humidity in the private parts can easily lead to fungal vaginitis. Minimize the use of airtight sanitary pads. Don't sit for a long time. Lack of exercise in the lower body can lead to pelvic congestion, which is not good for the heart and blood vessels. It can also lead to sagging breasts in women. Insist on exercising and strengthening the strength of the waist and abdominal muscles have a great effect on maintaining the body, preventing various gynecological diseases such as pelvic inflammatory disease, and can also improve the quality of sexual life. There are many exercises in yoga that specifically target abdominal circulation and are very effective. Avoid excessive sex life, excessive sexual excitement will cause extreme endocrine hyperactivity, leading to breast hyperplasia, increased incidence of uterine fibroids.
Use a female condom to protect the vagina
Female condoms have their own unique advantages. Female condoms are soft, transparent and durable sheath-like sheaths made of polyurethane special materials. Its length is about 17 cm, the thickness is 0.42-0.53 mm, and the maximum diameter It is 7.8 cm, and it is extremely effective in preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (including AIDS) while contraceptive. There is a flexible ring at each end of the condom, the bottom of the condom is completely closed, and it will be close to the end of the vagina when used. Direct contact while acting is more effective at preventing the spread of germs than male condoms. The female condom is inserted into the vagina by hand, it can be put in hours before sex, or it can be used immediately. Unlike male condoms, it does not require a man's erect penis as an aid to insert and remove the condom, thus causing no pauses or interruptions in the sexual intercourse. And because of its unique design and special materials, it can prevent the infection of various sexually transmitted diseases and HIV to the greatest extent.
How to use the female condom:
When using, just like a male condom, tear open the notch in the upper right corner of the package. Be careful not to use scissors or knives to open it, so as not to accidentally cut through the condom. The outer ring should cover the area around the outside of the vagina, and the inner ring should be inserted into the vagina to force the condom to the bottom during intercourse. Choose a comfortable insertion position, squat, raise one leg, sit or lie down. Put the condom on the index finger and push it all the way into the vagina. During this period, make sure that the condom body is not twisted and the split ring is always placed at the outer end of the vaginal opening. At this point the female condom is ready and you can use the results with your sexual partner. When you're ready, spread the condom with your hand and instruct your partner to gently enter to ensure proper entry into the condom. After sex, to avoid backflow, remove the condom before getting up. Pinch and rotate the split ring as you remove it, while slowly pulling the condom out. As with male condoms, the packaging or other tissue of female condoms should be thrown in the trash, not the toilet, as it can cause blockages. Be an "omnivorous animal" in your diet. Eat more than 4 kinds of fruits and vegetables a day, eat fish twice a week, and eat all kinds of grains and dairy products at breakfast, and properly supplement fiber, folic acid, vitamin C and vitamin E.
Make sure to eat breakfast every day, can effectively promote metabolism, keep blood vessels and immune system young. Regular menstruation is an important sign of good health. If a woman has several symptoms such as bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, and lump, it means "there must be a problem" and must seek medical attention immediately. Get into the habit of self-examination. Women can check their breasts for lumps during the bath and feel the lower abdomen for lumps in the morning or before going to bed at night. Regularly go to the hospital for physical examination every year. Breast examination, B-ultrasound, cervical smear and other gynecological examinations are very important and should not be missed. Abortion is very harmful to women. It is easy to create opportunities for pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, endometriosis, etc., and it is also easy to disrupt the immune system and cause repeated abortions. Therefore, please do a good job of protection before sex.
vaginal care
1. Wear cotton or at least cotton-bottomed underwear, and dry it properly. Wear boxer briefs or even no underwear at night to let your pussy breathe fresh air. Avoid skinny jeans, leather pants, and hakama.
2. Normal daily life, too tired or poor resistance, easy to induce fungal infection. Try to avoid prolonged sitting to reduce the chance of humidity and heat.
3. Warm water is the best way to clean the genitals. Too hot water can easily aggravate the symptoms of inflammation. Use neutral, weakly acidic or soap-free cleaning products.
4. During non-menstrual period, use a basin with warm water and a few drops of vinegar or lemon juice for a sitz bath for 5 minutes after bathing to prevent or improve infection.
5. Do not irrigate the vagina with water or disinfectant, so as not to destroy the normal pH and flora of the vagina.
6. Drink enough water. Drinking plenty of water before sex and urinating before and after sex can reduce the bacteria that grow in the urethra due to sexual intercourse.
7. Before sex, both of them must wash their genitals to avoid the bacteria from the anus being brought to the vagina or urethra during sex.
8. Drinking more boiled water at ordinary times can prevent urinary tract infection and soothe the vagina. If you find that the vaginal discharge has an abnormal taste or is painful, cannot feel high, moist, etc., you should consult a doctor immediately.
9. Use less perfume, essence, colored sanitary napkins, pads, and toilet paper. These things may be the culprit of genital contact dermatitis. During sex, women are often hurt very "deeply". Excessive and violent sex can cause vaginal friction.
In addition, the vaginal mucosa will not be transformed into a more friction-resistant squamous epithelium until sexual maturity, so premature sexual behavior can also cause friction in the vagina, showing vulvar damage. The special physiological structure of women determines that this part of women is always troubled. The vagina communicates with the outside world through the vaginal opening. There are urethra, anal excretion and glandular secretions close to the outside world. The vagina usually has leucorrhea and menstrual blood flow. At the same time, it is the channel for sexual intercourse and childbirth. The environment is warm and humid, so it is easy to be infected with Candida albicans.
vaginal abnormalities
The vaginal microenvironment of women is composed of various factors that affect the vagina. The vaginal microenvironment mainly includes the development and maturity of the vagina, whether the regular contraction function of the vaginal muscle layer is normal, whether the secretion function of the vaginal mucosal cells is normal, and whether the sperm in the vaginal secretions is normal. The number and activity of activating factors, the pH of vaginal secretions, the inflammation of the vagina, the level and proportion of sex hormones in the body, the function and regulation of peripheral nerves, the function of the microvascular system and the blood supply (supply of oxygen, nutrients, and exclusion of cellular metabolites) Together they form the vaginal microenvironment.
vaginal injury
What exactly is tofu dregs?
This whitish discharge is characterized by a thick, white curd or bean curd-like appearance, as it is made of exfoliated epithelial cells and mycelium, yeast, and pseudohyphae. The main cause of this white discharge is an imbalance of Candida bacteria in the vagina. In fact, Candida albicans can be found in the mouth, intestines, and vagina of some people, but it does not cause the disease. There are many reasons for the disease:
1. Diabetic patients and pregnant women: their vaginal epithelium has increased glycogen, increased acidity, and is prone to the growth of Candida.
2. Sexual infection: If a man has Candida infection, he can transmit the disease to his wife during sex.
3. Decreased self-resistance: Although the vagina itself has a self-purification effect, when this effect is weakened or the pathogenicity of the pathogen is strong, it will cause the disease.
4. Infection caused by public bathing equipment: using public bath tubs and towels that are not strictly disinfected, candida finds its home again and causes infection.
5. Sanitary pads and pads make trouble: Some people use pads or pads for a few hours or change them throughout the day, creating a favorable environment for Candida to grow. There are some unqualified sanitary napkins and sanitary pads into the market, or even qualified sanitary products may be contaminated due to poor packaging, and they are easily infected after use.
6. Underpants cause infection: newly bought underpants are easily contaminated by various bacteria during the hauling process. Some people like to wear tight underwear, which is not made of pure cotton, which makes the genitals moist and airtight, creating a favorable environment for the growth of Candida. 7. Frequent or long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics: Antibiotics destroy the restrictive relationship between vaginal flora, and Candida invades and grows vigorously.
Vaginismus
Vaginismus, also known as intercourse phobia syndrome, refers to the involuntary reflex spasm of the muscles around the vagina when trying to have sexual intercourse, so that the vaginal entrance is tightly closed, making sexual intercourse impossible, even if the doctor does a routine gynecological examination. possible. If not diagnosed and treated in time, it often lasts for several years, bringing great pain to the couple and disharmony in the marriage. Primary vaginismus refers to those who have cramps during the first sexual intercourse, which leads to the failure of sexual intercourse on the wedding night; secondary vaginismus refers to those who have had successful sexual intercourse between couples, and then spasm occurs. Complete vaginismus refers to spasms that occur in any setting, while situational vaginismus refers to those who only have cramps in certain circumstances. According to the degree of vaginismus, it was divided into different levels. Vaginismus is mainly caused by psychological factors, such as receiving wrong sexual education for a long time, having a history of sexual trauma in the past, and lack of sexual knowledge of newlyweds, etc., which will lead to negative, nervous, fear, anxiety, guilt and other psychological effects on sexual intercourse, which will cause Vaginismus. In addition to psychological factors, congenital hypoplasia of reproductive organs, certain lesions and improper sexual intercourse techniques can also cause vaginismus.
Such as thick and tough hymen, vaginal diaphragm, inflammation of vulva and vagina, etc., or lack of excitement during sexual intercourse, rough movements of men, etc., resulting in severe pain during sexual intercourse, and protective reflex to cause vaginismus. There are many reasons for vaginismus, including a few physiological reasons, and some women lack a reasonable understanding of sexual behavior, such as fear of being stabbed or out of control during intercourse, fear of being controlled by men, fear of pregnancy, etc. A certain fear leads to excessive tension in consciousness, which is manifested in vaginismus physiologically. To avoid vaginismus, the first thing to do is to take preventive measures. Women should have a comprehensive and scientific understanding of sexual knowledge, eliminate anxiety and tension before sexual intercourse, and do not think wildly. For men, on the wedding night, they should love and be considerate of each other, and do more foreplay such as stroking and kissing before sex, and gradually guide women into the state. Actions should not be rude and reckless, nor rush for success, and should take care of women's complex emotions. If a woman has vaginismus during the first sex life, the man should not be discouraged, but can adjust with more transitional actions such as gentle caressing, and some warm words to relax his body and mind. At the same time, lubricating oil can also be properly applied to prevent vaginal dryness and aggravate the pain of insertion.
vaginal dryness
Many women don't understand why they still have physical resistance when they clearly have sexual needs? Experts point out that many problems may cause vaginal dryness.
lack of sexual arousal
Women have sexual impulses, but not to the necessary level, or the husband "goes straight to the point" as soon as he comes up, which will lead to less secretion of women's body fluids, resulting in vaginal dryness.
contraceptive pill
For some people, taking birth control pills regularly for a long time, the progesterone in the pills may bring about vaginal dryness as a side effect. Endocrine disorders Women over the age of 35, if they have frequent irregular menstruation problems over a period of time, it may mean endocrine disorders, which can also lead to reduced vaginal secretions.
vaginitis
If you have vaginitis, the vaginal mucosa will become congested during sex, resulting in reduced secretions.
various pressures
Work and life stress can cause low libido, delayed sexual arousal, and vaginal dryness.
over cleaning
an unbalanced diet
In addition to vaginal dryness, women with inflamed mouth corners, dry skin, and scaling may indicate an unbalanced diet, especially vitamin B2 deficiency. This condition can lead to dry vaginal walls, congestion of the mucous membranes, and even rupture. Forcible treatment will bring more problems. As long as the vagina is dry and wrapped around the body, even 5 minutes of intimacy will be like a torment on the fire, making women unbearable pain. Dr. Sun said that women who come to see a doctor because they can't bear the pain are often encountered in outpatient clinics. But often by this time, the long-term pain has brought them more trouble: the biggest problem is genital infection. Forcible sexual intercourse when the vagina is dry will lead to vaginal congestion and even swelling, and the mucosa of the vaginal wall will be damaged, which will lead to infection and even induce various diseases.
vaginal bleeding
meaning
Vaginal bleeding is one of the most common symptoms of female genital disorders. Vaginal bleeding is a frequent problem experienced by many women. Bleeding can occur in any part of the female reproductive tract, including the uterus, cervix, vagina, hymen, and vulva. Except for normal menstruation, no matter which part of the bleeding occurs, it is generally clinically referred to as vaginal bleeding.
measure
1. For a small amount of vaginal bleeding, pay attention to the patient's mental state, count whether the pulse is fast or not, and make the patient absolutely bed rest. Those who are pale and sweaty should lower their head and raise their feet, drink some light salt water, keep warm, and avoid overheating. Appropriate to eat some sedatives or take hemostatic drugs at the same time. When the condition is stable, go to the hospital. You can also put a cold pack or an ice pack on the lower abdomen and apply cold compresses to stop the bleeding. When nauseated, turn your face to one side to prevent suffocation (try not to drink warm tea).
2. If there is a lot of vaginal bleeding, you should ask a doctor or notify the emergency center as soon as possible, otherwise it will lead to death. 3. If the amount of bleeding is small, please rest and observe quietly at home first. Therefore, walking or driving will cause the condition to deteriorate, so you can take it to the hospital.
abnormal bleeding
reason
There are many causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as: ovarian endocrine dysfunction, abnormal pregnancy, tumor, reproductive tract inflammation, injury, foreign body, or systemic disease. Age has an important reference value in the identification of vaginal bleeding: young girls and postmenopausal women (older women) are more likely to consider malignant tumors; vaginal bleeding in adolescent women should first consider dysfunctional uterine bleeding (referred to as DUB); women of childbearing age should be considered more often Pregnancy-related diseases.
type
1. Increased menstrual flow, prolonged menstrual period but normal cycle. Most likely are uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, and uterine bleeding. In addition, those on the IUD may also have increased menstrual flow.
2. Irregular vaginal bleeding in the menstrual cycle. Often uterine bleeding, but endometrial cancer should be ruled out.
3. Long-term persistent vaginal bleeding. Most of the genital malignancies, such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and so on.
4. Irregular bleeding after menopause. Women of childbearing age are more likely to consider pregnancy-related diseases, such as miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, etc.; postmenopausal women are more likely to have malignant tumors. 5. Bleeding after sexual intercourse. Mostly cervical erosion, cervical polyps, cervical cancer or submucosal fibroids.
6. Vaginal bleeding with leucorrhea. It is mostly considered to be advanced cervical cancer and endometrial cancer with infection.
7. Paroxysmal vaginal blood. There is a possibility of primary fallopian tube cancer.
8. Intermenstrual bleeding. Occurs between the two menstrual periods, which lasted 3-4 days, and when the blood volume is very small, most of them are ovulation bleeding.
9. Spotting before and after menstruation. A small amount of bloody discharge a few days before or after menstruation is usually due to abnormal ovarian function, and may also be endometriosis.
10. Other forms of vaginal bleeding: If a newborn baby girl has a small amount of vaginal bleeding shortly after birth, most of the reasons are due to the sudden drop of estrogen just leaving the mother's body and the shedding of the endometrium, so the mother does not need to worry too much, but still Go to a regular hospital to check, because it does not rule out diseases caused by problems such as uterine development. Vaginal bleeding in young girls should be considered as the possibility of precocious puberty or malignant genital tract. Vaginal bleeding in adolescent girls is mostly anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
bleeding during intercourse
1. Abnormal cervical development: abnormal cervical development is a sign of cancer of cervical epithelial cells. Having multiple sexual partners, having intercourse before age 18, becoming pregnant before age 16, or having a history of STDs can increase the likelihood of abnormal cervical development. It is usually treated by performing cryosurgery.
2. Chlamydia: Viral infections are usually transmitted through sex, and with sperm, vaginal fluid or blood.
3. Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted disease caused by a virus. There are many drug treatments available to cure the disease.
4. Vaginitis or cervicitis: It may be inflammation of the vagina or cervix, tumor or viral infection causing inflammation. Treatment depends on the cause.
5. Cervical polyp: A cervical polyp is a hairless, red or purple, finger-shaped tumor that grows on the lining of the cervix, or the lining of the cervix. Cervical polyps are delicate and protrude within the cervix and can be easily and painlessly removed.
6. Trichomoniasis: A venereal disease, usually caused by protozoa, that can also be transmitted to newborn babies from sick mothers during childbirth. Also sometimes, the virus is spread from tap water, urine, toilet seats, swimming pools. This disease can cause vaginitis.
7. Vaginal Yeast Infection: An overgrowth of fungi in the vagina. Symptoms usually include: vaginal itching, pain, odor, abnormal vaginal discharge, etc.
8. Endometritis: Endometritis is an infection of the lining of the uterus.
9. Uterine polyps: Uterine polyps are caused when the uterine lining is overgrown, causing the lining of the uterus to protrude into the uterus. Women with uterine polyps experience bleeding between periods. Other symptoms include: bleeding after sex, heavy periods, bleeding after menopause, bleeding while taking hormonal medications, etc. Curettage with the help of hysteroscopy is a better approach.
10. Fibroids: Generally speaking, fibroids are benign tumors. They are fibrous solid tumors. only a minority of fibroids are malignant. There are many symptoms of fibroids, and some women experience no symptoms at all. After menopause, when the secretion of estrogen stops, the fibroid will automatically shrink and disappear slowly.
Vaginal inflammation
1. Infant vaginitis: more common in infants and young children aged 1-5. Vaginal inflammation is often caused by sitting and crawling on the ground or entering a foreign body. Pathogens can also be transmitted through the child's mother or laundry supplies. The basis for judging this type of vaginal inflammation is genital redness, vaginal discharge, and genital itching.
2. Senile vaginitis: more common in postmenopausal elderly women. Due to the decline of ovarian function and insufficient estrogen secretion, the physiological defense function is reduced, and pathogenic bacteria take advantage of the weakness to cause infection, so it is also called "atrophic vaginitis". The symptoms are increased leucorrhea, yellow water-like, severe cases may have bloody purulent leucorrhea, genital itching and burning sensation. Senile vaginitis can cause vaginal adhesions, vaginal empyema, or pyometra. Daily cleaning can use ph4 weakly acidic feminine care solution to enhance vaginal defense. For the treatment of senile vaginitis, local medicine can be used in the vagina, such as washing the vagina with 1% lactic acid or acetic acid solution or nursing lotion, once a day, to improve the acidity of the vagina. Severe inflammation, supplemented by estrogen therapy. Diethylstilbestrol 0.125 ~ 0.25 mg, put into the vagina once a night, 7 days as a course of treatment. Refractory patients can take nilestriol orally, 4 mg for the first time, and then every 2 to 4 weeks, 2 mg each time, for 2 to 3 months.
3. Menstrual vaginitis: mostly caused by not paying attention to menstrual hygiene during the menstrual period, especially the use of unclean menstrual products to cause the vulva to be polluted by unclean objects. Manifested as perineal sagging and burning sensation, increased vaginal discharge.
4. Honeymoon vaginitis: more common in newly married women. Mainly due to inattentiveness to sexual organs and sexual life hygiene. Manifested as increased leucorrhea, itching inside and outside the vagina, mucosal redness and swelling.
5. Purulent vaginitis: more common in women with vaginal tear or birth trauma. Manifested as increased leucorrhea, yellow pus-like, with fishy smell, vaginal burning and pain, mucous membrane redness and swelling.
6. Simple vaginitis: The most likely cause of simple vaginitis is postpartum, post-abortion injury, long-term use of pessaries and other mechanical stimulation or infection by purulent bacteria. In addition, infection of the uterus or cervix often irritates the vaginal mucosa can also cause simple vaginitis.
7. Trichomonas vaginitis: Because Trichomonas vaginalis is highly adaptable, it can survive for one day in a semi-dry towel, 21 days at a temperature of 3°C to 5°C, and even in tap water. 5 days, so this disease is a very common gynecological disease in women. It can be transmitted directly to women through male carriers during sexual life, indirectly through swimming pools and swimming pools, and indirectly through medical equipment. Trichomonas vaginitis can be complicated by Trichomonas urethritis, cystitis, pyelitis, and because Trichomonas can devour sperm, it can cause infertility and affect sexual life.
(1) Oral killing of trichomoniasis drugs, such as metronidazole, 200 mg each time, 3 times a day, for a total of 7 days. After taking the test for Trichomonas, if it is negative, the treatment should be continued for a course of treatment after the next menstrual period to consolidate the curative effect.
(2) Local simultaneous treatment, such as rinsing the vagina with 0.5% to 1% lactic acid or acetic acid solution or nursing lotion, once a day. Daily cleaning can use ph4 weakly acidic feminine care solution to enhance vaginal defense. After vaginal douching or at night, 200 mg of metronidazole is inserted into the vagina, 10 days is a course of treatment, and 1 tablet of Dripperine or 200 mg of carbarsine can also be inserted into the vagina. During the treatment period, underwear and washing towels should be boiled for 5 to 10 minutes for disinfection, especially sexual life should be prohibited to avoid repeated infection.
8. Fungal vaginitis: Fungal vaginitis is caused by infection with a species of Candida albicans in the mold. Contrary to Trichomonas, this candida is particularly easy to grow in an acidic environment and is generally transmitted by contact. Fungal vaginitis is not easy to cure, easy to repeat, causing premature birth, fetal infection and malformation. For the treatment of fungal vaginitis, 2% to 3% of soda can be used to rinse the vulva, vagina or sitz bath. After gently drying, place 250,000 units of nystatin suppository in the deep vagina, or apply nystatin cream to the vagina On the wall, once a night or once in the morning and once in the evening, for a total of 10 to 14 days. about 50% to 80% of patients can be cured. You can also use mycoconazole or clotrimazole suppository or Yanyan antiseptic gel after rinsing the vulva, vagina or sitz bath, 2 times a day for 3 days. Or once a night for 7 days.
9. Bacterial vaginosis Do not clean the vagina too frequently. It is normal for women to have a small amount of discharge from the lower body. If you are worried about the smell of the lower body, you can choose cotton underwear with strong water absorption and good breathability, and change it frequently to keep the lower body dry.
10. The drug of choice for non-specific vaginitis is metronidazole, 500 mg orally each time, 2 times a day for a total of 7 days. It can also be used locally, 200 mg each time, placed in the vagina, 7 days as a course of treatment. Clindamycin 300 mg orally twice a day for 7 days; or Yanyan disinfectant gel intravaginally, once a night for 7 days. In addition, 1% lactic acid or 0.5% acetic acid solution can be used to flush the vagina under low pressure, and then spray sulfa powder or antibiotics on the vaginal wall, once a day for 7 to 10 days.
