Basic Information
Chinese name: Lesbian
Aliases: Lace, Lala
Foreign name: lesbian
Related words: gay, gay, LGBT
Definition: A woman who only develops love and sexual desire for the same sex
Although lesbianism has been recorded in many cultures since ancient times, it is only today that words such as lei, lace, and lesbian appear to describe lesbians. In the late nineteenth century, sexologists published their research on same-sex desire and behavior, indicating that lesbians were a separate entity in Western culture.
Consequently, women aware of their new medical identities gradually formed secret subcultures in Europe and North America. The black triangle represents the lesbian identity symbol, which originated in Nazi Germany and was used at the time to distinguish women in concentration camps who were considered "anti-social" (such as those who posed a threat to Nazi family values). If a woman is against childbirth or against traditional family values, she will be crowned with a black inverted triangle. The black triangle is now a symbol of lesbian pride.
origin
develop
In 1890, medical dictionaries began to use the term, using words such as "lesbian love" to describe sexual intercourse between women. According to the 1870 document, "lace edge" was also used to describe the emotional relationship between women. Around the twentieth century, interchangeable terms such as "Sapphoism" began to appear. The growing lesbian culture has prompted sexologists such as Henry Havelock Ellis to set out to classify lesbian relationships in medical terms.
Evolution In the 1960s of the Western gay rights movement, homosexuality, regardless of gender, was called the gay movement. In other words, gay men are called gay, and lesbians are also called gay. However, lesbians are increasingly dissatisfied with the prevalence of gay chauvinism in the gay movement. Dale Martin, the daughter of Bilitis, founder of an important early lesbian organization in America, wrote an essay in 1970 stating that she had parted ways with the gay movement, and then embraced an alliance with feminist theory and movement.
Martin accused the gay affirmative movement at the time of being dominated by men and men's "brotherhood", ignoring and excluding women's demands for fifteen years, and they could not find acceptance, equality, love and friendship in the gay movement community. Her statement represents a group of lesbians who have found themselves ignored and silenced within the gay movement and who have found allies in feminism, which precisely emphasizes the neglected and silenced role of women across social contexts. Status; in the feminist camp, women of different sexual orientations can jointly oppose the oppression of women and seek women's independence and political voice. Julia Penelope's 1974 article, "Lesbian Separatism," said: Exiting gay organizations is the first step toward establishing a lesbian identity and a step toward building a lesbian community. Since then, lesbians have completely withdrawn from the (male) gay movement and established their own independent identity. An early prominent lesbian organization under the leadership of Dale Martin and Phyllis Leon, Daughters of Bilitis, takes its name from a lyric adapted from a poem by the famous lesbian poet Sappho.
So from the 1970s, under the influence of the second wave of feminism promoted by lesbians, the word Lesbian began to be widely used - Lesbian originally meant an ancient Greek island where the famous lesbian poet Sappho lived in ancient Greece. The name Lesbos. In the late 19th century, the medical profession began to use lesbian to refer to women of the same sexual orientation as Sappho. Afterwards, lesbians joined feminist activists and bisexual and transgender people who were also ignored in the gay rights movement to confront the gay men who dominated the gay rights movement, dominated the position, and had all the benefits. However, with the development of gay equality, most of the modern and modern gay men have gradually abandoned the idea of gay chauvinism, because they realized that the gay equality movement with only gay men can hardly move forward, so they once again shook hands with the LBT group to make peace. , and jointly develop the gay rights movement.
Finally, in 1980, the term LGBT appeared, which is a combination of interests for les (lesbian), gay (gay), bisexual (bisexual), and transgender (transgender). Therefore, in the homosexual community, we must pay attention to the usage of words and phrases. In the same movement organization, we must pay attention to using LGBT, otherwise it will be considered to have homosexual separatist tendencies. In lesbian organizations, be careful not to use Gay Woman, or you will be considered gay-chauvinist. In everyday life, the term homosexual is not commonly used, is stigmatized because of its origins in psychiatry, and usually only appears in articles dealing with medicine.
name
Mainland China In Mainland China, lesbians are most often referred to as Lala, mainly from the influence of Taiwan Lazi, or lace edge. In ancient China, lesbians were also known as mirror grinding, eating, self-combing and so on.
Taiwan, China In Taiwan, the Chinese translation of the English word Lesbian is most common with Lazi or lesbian (also translated as lace). In the ancient Hokkien language, in addition to the name of grinding mirror, there is also a secret term for stone grinding because of its sexual behavior.
Hong Kong, China In Hong Kong, lesbians are generally called Les, which is the abbreviation of Lesbian in English.
Other names In addition, lesbians have other names, including:
Lace: From the English word Lesbian (lesbian).
Top: Actors in sexual relationships.
Bottom: The subject in a sexual relationship.
No distinction: It means that there is no boundary between the top and the bottom. In a sexual relationship, the actor or the passive person depends on the love object or mood.
Ole: Short for older lace, referring to lesbians over 30 years old.
Uncle: The older T, from the 60s.
GL: girl's love, love between girls, Japanese anime term.
T: T is the abbreviation of Tom boy, which refers to the agent in the sexual relationship.
P: P is the abbreviation of Pretty girl, which refers to the passive person in the sexual relationship.
H: H is the abbreviation of Half, which refers to the person who is the actor or the passive person in a sexual relationship depending on the love object or mood.
history
Ancient China
Lesbianism was quite common in ancient China and was tolerated by the people at that time, people even believed that the homosexual relationship of women was an inevitable custom in boudoirs, and when it led to self-sacrifice or devotion for love, it was also accepted by people. 's praise. Li Yu, a famous talent in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a play called "Lian Xiang Companion" on this subject, telling the love story of a beautiful woman who loves a beautiful woman. Through poetry, friends gradually develop feelings of love, plant the roots of love, and swear to be husband and wife in the next life.
The situation of lesbians in the Qing Dynasty can be described as extremely intense. "Yueyou Xiaozhi" records: "Guangzhou women often form sisters by worshipping alliances, named Jinlanhui. After women get married, they will never return to their husband's home when they return home. The sisters made an appointment to commit suicide. After more than ten years, the atmosphere has changed again and again, and the sisters’ flowers are used as the connecting branch, and if the two women live together, there must be one daughter who is like an anvil.” The women of the Jinlan Association are also called self-combed women. For women who have concluded Jin Ranchi, all marriage contracts are invalid, and the husband's family is not allowed to marry him by force. The two daughters who form an alliance will live together, and then they will be married in pairs, and they will be like husband and wife.
In addition, Liang Shaoren's "Essays on Two Kinds of Autumn Rains", Volume 4, "Golden Orchid Meeting" also has a record of the Golden Orchid Society: The women in Shunde villages in Guangdong mostly form sisters by worshipping alliances and are named Jinlan. In the family, even if there is an unmarried couple, they must wait until the allied sisters are married, and then return to their husbands’ homes. If you push too hard, all the sisters will commit suicide by meeting. This kind of evil practice, although there are virtuous people. When Li Tieqiao was envoy to Shunde, it was always like this. Any woman who did not return to her husband's family would use Zhu to paint her father and brother, and sing the golden name to the public. .
In the "Yongming County Chronicle" during the Guangxu period, there are also records of lesbians: "Taozhou... His mother also entertained her daughters, and the daughters who visited his family were similar in age and appearance, and their daughters became internal friends. The state is called a traveller. If you get along and learn from each other, you will have no other worries, and the useful years have been spent before you realize it.” It is about many mothers in Taozhou trying their best to spend time for their daughters, so they visit other people’s homes to find people who are with them. Women whose daughters are of the same age and appearance make their daughters internal friends with their own daughters. Taozhou calls these women pilgrims. In the beginning, the rise of pilgrims was dominated by the family. In order to prevent their daughters from wandering outside, they arranged for women to pair up, so that they could stay in the boudoir and spend the years. However, this often leads to love between the two women, and many pilgrims will stop their close friends when they are married, or even break into the wedding and stab the close friend's husband with a knife.
In the ancient moral concept, men regarded women's virginity and indulgence as a major sin. The etiquette tried to promote harmonious coexistence between wives and concubines, so that wives and concubines and concubines and concubines in the family were harmonious like sisters, and some people developed love because of this. Compared with adultery, this kind of relationship is gentle and secretive. As long as it does not pose a threat to the clan, men do not only acquiesce or even encourage it. However, when there is true love between women, great changes can be triggered. Two women love each other more intensely than heterosexuality, and they often quarrel because of jealousy. This kind of thing often happens, even to the point of fighting for their lives, so that Confucian intellectuals are greatly frightened and use the power of political power and clan power. to be punished.
The west
In ancient Greece, lesbianism was very popular. Some lesbians participated in wars and hunting activities, married another woman, and the two lived as husband and wife.
The famous poetess Sappho established a school for girls on the island of Lesbos. Her poems were very famous and she was hailed as the "Tenth Muse" by Plato. Although she has a husband and a daughter, she chose to leave her husband and family soon after. Sappho's marriage was unfortunate. As a talented woman, she could not bear the union without communication and soul in marriage.
In her twenties, Sappho founded a girls' school on the island of Lesbos, teaching poetry, music, manners, and even beauty and dress. The nobles sent their daughters to the school. Sappho likes these young and beautiful girls. He not only teaches them poetry and music, but also teaches them the art of love in his spare time. She fell in love with the female students one by one. In ancient Greece, homosexual love between teachers and students was prevalent. Teachers taught their careers to solve doubts, and students reciprocated with love. Therefore, these poems with strong homosexual feelings were not banned at that time. And it is widely praised, and even the currency used on the island of Lesbos is patterned with Sappho's head. But in the end, Sappho committed suicide by jumping into the sea because he was rejected by a female lover and died young. In addition, lesbianism is said to have been more prevalent in Roman times than in ancient Greece.
Misunderstanding
Gender identity disorder, transsexualism, and bisexuality are not homosexuals. Some people are very heterosexual, and if they don't tell their true gender, they may not even be able to tell. Men have unpredictable hairstyles, like to secretly make up at home or wear women’s clothes, pouting cuteness, and behave the same as women; women wear short men’s hair, wrap breasts, wear men’s clothes, and behave the same as men, and most of these people are transgender. Homosexuality (gender identity disorder), not homosexuality. Although homosexuals and their favorite objects are both biologically the same sex, homosexuals do not have gender identity barriers, they recognize their own gender, and there is no need for transgender or dressing up to be closer to the opposite sex.
Gender identity disorder is a psychiatric term defined by psychologists and physicians when a person is psychologically unable to identify with the gender they were born with, believing that they belong to another gender. This is a psychiatric categorical definition commonly used to explain conditions associated with transgender, transgender or transvestite.
The World Psychiatric Association clearly classifies homosexuals into the ranks of Transgender in LGBT, and the definition of transgender is also explained in detail in the diagnosis and determination of DSM-IV. However, the public will still unintentionally or intentionally equate or associate homosexuals, transvestites, heterosexuality and homosexuality, and homosexuals living in this social environment also lack knowledge in this regard. Naturally misunderstood as gay.
Transvestite and Gender Identity Disorder
There is a class of people who are not homosexuals or fetishes, but only gain psychological balance and satisfaction by wearing cross-sex clothes and dressing up of the opposite sex. This is what is called transvestite in psychology. There is a difference between transvestites and homosexuals, homosexuals think they belong to another gender, transvestites just like to dress up in the opposite sex, but do not feel that they are the opposite sex. In addition, the medical profession generally believes that almost all transvestites are heterosexual, and survey statistics also show that 90% of transvestites are heterosexual. That is to say, most heterosexuals in the gay community are homosexuals.
Are heterosexuals popular with gays?
Whether from a psychological point of view or according to various survey statistics, true homosexuals are indifferent to, or even disgusted with, heterosexuals. Because homosexuals like the same sex, let him (she) like a heterosexual homosexual, it is better to like a heterosexual heterosexual. Some homosexuals are even more disgusted with heterosexual homosexuals than heterosexuals, because they think heterosexuals do not cherish their gender charm.
The vast majority of homosexuals believe that the more obvious their gender characteristics are, the more attractive they are. In order to attract excellent homosexuals, he (she) will first try to make themselves excellent to attract each other, but no homosexual will like to develop towards the opposite sex. Homosexuals will not have love and sexual desire for the opposite sex, so they will not have a favorable impression of the characteristics of the opposite sex. No homosexuals will hope that they have too many characteristics of the opposite sex, and they will not like the same sex with obvious opposite sex characteristics.
Not just homosexuals, most heterosexuals and bisexuals also dislike heterosexuals. Those who like heterosexuality just prove his (her) subconscious love for the opposite sex. There is quite a lot of psychological data showing that: whether it is heterosexual, bisexual or homosexual, women like beautiful, feminine and neutral homosexuals; men are more inclined to appreciate both appearance and personality. Masculine homosexuality.
Bisexuals and heterosexuals don't necessarily like heterosexuals, but people who like heterosexuals are almost always bisexual or heterosexual. He (she) subconsciously likes the opposite sex, but because it is subconscious, he (she) himself does not notice it, but in terms of liking, it has already exposed the subconscious side of the opposite sex. Usually, it is only a matter of time before he (she) falls in love with the real heterosexual. once the subconscious is triggered and becomes conscious, he (she) will return to a complete bisexual or heterosexual.
Are homosexual people with distinct gender characteristics bisexual?
There are many people who think: masculine gay men and feminine lesbians are mostly bisexual, usually alluding to 1 in gay men and P in lesbians, he (she) We all like heterosexuals and believe that through some means they can make them like the opposite sex, which is actually ridiculous.
Are gay people heterosexual?
There are quite a lot of homosexual themes or film and television works that have homosexuals appearing will make an obvious mistake, that is, deliberately depicting the image and character of homosexuals is very heterosexual. For example, gay men have orchid fingers, twisted posture, and fancy dress; lesbians wear men's clothes, look masculine, and behave rudely. Even if the two gay protagonists are not heterosexual, the other gay supporting characters have considerable Odds are heterosexuals. This depiction gives people a wrong impression of homosexuals, and indirectly or directly expands the various misunderstandings and influences mentioned above.
Neutralization and heterosexualization
Many people think of heterosexuals as neutrals, but there is a big difference between the two. Neutralization refers to people who have opposite-sex traits, but also retain their own gender traits, and the gender traits of neutralizers are significantly greater than those of the opposite sex. Heterosexualization refers to those whose appearance or behavior is clearly biased towards the opposite sex.
