All right. Well, let’s spend a little bit of time on each of these then, and let’s do those in order.
好，我们花点时间聊聊每一种(品质)，我们按顺序来聊。
Let’s start with collaboration.
让我们从合作开始谈起。
It seems like it’s almost like a throwaway word nowadays to say you’re collaborative, or you’re looking for people who are collaborative.
现在会说你很善于合作，或者说，你在寻找善于合作的人，合作似乎是一个随用随到的词。
When we dig into it or when you hear people talk about collaboration, what reveals itself then?
当我们深入挖掘合作这个词时，或者，当你听到人们谈论这个词时，这个词本身揭露了什么?
Well, let me give you an example.
好，让我举个例子。
First of all, I would say that collaboration, you’re right, it’s one of these throwaway words that we just assume that everybody is collaborative, but it’s actually a very nuanced idea.
首先，你说得对，我认为合作是一个随用随到的词语，我们只是假设每个人都会合作，但这个想法实际上非常微妙。
There are some sectors where it’s harder for leaders to encourage and create and facilitate a culture of collaboration.
在有些领域，领导者很难去鼓励、创造和促进合作文化。
For example, the service industry, like law firms or finance firms, where it’s eat what you kill, and where people are judged by their individual sales or their P&Ls.
例如，在服务行业，比如律师事务所或金融公司，在这些公司，实施论功行赏的薪酬制度，员工是通过他们的个人销售额或收益来评判的。
And this does apply also to larger organizations where different units are competing against other units.
这也适用于不同部门之间相互竞争的较大组织。
At the end of the year, you look at the P&Ls and then you decide who’s done the best, and then they’re compensated based on those P&Ls.
到年底，会查看损益表，判定谁做得最好，根据这些损益表，做得最好的人会得到报酬。
What I find is that companies that have a different model that actually incentivize collaboration tend to be more innovative.
我发现，采用不同模式激励合作的公司往往更具创新性。
You might hear this and think, “Well, startups, easy to be innovative. They’re scrappy, there’s less bureaucracy. They can break rules and do things that more established companies can’t do.”
你可能听到这句话会想，“嗯。初创公司，很容易创新。他们斗志昂扬，没那么官僚主义。他们可以打破规则，做一些老牌公司做不到的事情。”
You might as well share ideas with each other, because you’re going to be out of business anyway unless something happens.
也可以互相交流想法，除非奇迹发生，否则无论如何都会倒闭的。
You’re going to be out of business anyway, exactly.
反正终将会走向倒闭。
But one of the most collaborative companies is also a company that some people might think of as a dinosaur: that’s Procter & Gamble.
宝洁是最有合作精神的公司之一，但有些人可能会认为宝洁已经过时了。
This is a company that was founded before the Civil War, and it’s a company, I think they have 60 or so brands, and I think at least 20 of them are worth over a billion dollars. So, this is a massive multinational company.
这是一家成立于美国内战之前的公司，他们有60个左右的品牌，其中至少有20个品牌的价值超过10亿美元。这是一家大型跨国公司。
What distinguishes Procter & Gamble from a lot of its competitors is that they do encourage cross-collaboration.
宝洁与许多竞争对手的区别在于，他们真正鼓励跨领域合作。
I went and visited P&G before the pandemic in December of 2019.
在2019年12月疫情之前，我去拜访了宝洁。
One of the coolest stories that I came out of P&G with is a story of toothpaste.
我从宝洁公司听到的最酷的故事之一是关于牙膏的故事。
Back in the ’90s, they owned Crest, that’s one of their brands, and Crest was getting its butt handed to it, kicked, by Colgate.
在90年代，宝洁拥有佳洁士，这是他们的品牌之一，佳洁士被高露洁狠狠地揍了一顿，佳洁士输给了高露洁。
Colgate was really doing very well in the marketplace, and Crest was trying to figure out how to build a new product.
高露洁在市场上做得很好，佳洁士也在想办法开发一款新产品。
