行军(6)

行军篇 NO.6：

杖而立者，饥也；

汲而先饮者，渴也；

见利而不进者，劳也；

鸟集者，虚也；

夜呼者，恐也；

军扰者，将不重也；

旌旗动者，乱也；

吏怒者，倦也；

杀马肉食者，军无粮也；

悬缸不返其舍者，穷寇也；

谆谆翕翕，徐与人言者，失众也；

数赏者，窘也；

数罚者，困也；

先暴而后畏其众者，不精之至也；

来委谢者，欲休息也。

兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必谨察之。

这句啥意思：

抵兵倚着兵器而站立的，是饥饿的表现；

供水兵打水自己先饮的，是干渴的表现；

敌人见利而不进兵争夺的，是疲劳的表现；

敌人营寨上聚集鸟雀的，下面是空营；

敌人夜间惊叫的，是恐慌的表现；

敌营惊扰纷乱的，是敌将没有威严的表现；

旌旗摇动不整齐的，是敌人队伍已经混乱。

敌人军官易怒的，是全军疲倦的表现；

用粮食喂马，杀马吃肉，收拾起汲水器具，

部队不返营房的，是要拼死的穷寇；

低声下气同部下讲话的，是敌将失去人心；

不断犒赏士卒的，是敌军没有办法；

不断惩罚部属的，是敌人处境困难；

先粗暴然后又害怕部下的，是最不精明的将领；

派来使者送礼言好的，是敌人想休兵息战；

敌人逞怒同我对阵，但久不交锋又不撤退的，必须谨慎地观察他的企图。

英文这么说：

When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears,they are faint from want of food.

If those who are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves, the army is suffering from thirst.

If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and makes no effort to secure it, the soldiers are exhausted.

If birds gather on any spot, it is unoccupied.

Clamor by night betokens nervousness.

If there is disturbance in the camp, the general's authority is weak.

If the banners and flags are shifted about, sedition is afoot.

If the officers are angry,it means that the men are weary.

When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food,

and when the men do not hang their cooking-pots over the camp-fires, showing that they will not return to their tents, you may know that they are determined to fight to the death.

The sight of men whispering together in small knots or speaking in subdued tones points to disaffection amongst the rank and file.

Too frequent rewards signify that the enemy is at the end of his resources;

Too many punishments betray a condition of dire distress.

To begin by bluster, but afterwards to take fright at the enemy's numbers, shows a supreme lack of intelligence.

When envoys are sent with compliments in their mouths,it is a sign that the enemy wishes for a truce.

If the enemy's troops march up angrily and remain facing ours for a long time without either joining battle or taking themselves off again, the situation is one that demands great vigilance and circumspection.

“必谨察之”怎么讲

这是孙子的相敌术，就是通过观察敌人的情况，来判断敌人随后的行动。透过现象看本质。我认为这里孙子认为看到的现象与敌人的目的是相反的。敌人总是通过与要采取的行动相反的表现，来迷惑我们。他越是言辞强势，做出前进的动作，其实是想撤退。敌人的士兵士气正旺盛，杀气腾腾的，与我们的部队相对峙，但是却很长时间不作战，又不撤退，这一定是有意图，就要小心观察。可能是在强制我们，从背后袭击我们。所以这里也不存在矛盾的问题。