学会下面五个单字,先来聊聊抄袭的说法:
Plagiarism (n.) 抄袭;抄袭品
动词为 plagiarize 形容「剽窃」的行为。在此作为名词,可以形容抄袭的行为或是抄袭而来的作品。
The university decided to fire that professor for committing plagiarism and falsifying data.
这所大学决定解聘那位在研究中抄袭与伪造数据的教授。
Rip off (v.) 猛地撕掉;窃取
Rip 动词本身为描述「快入撕下或划破;复制」的行为,除此之外在这里表示为「强行窃取,未经同意的盗用赚取私利」某件事物。如果是以 rip someone off 的句型,则解释为「敲某人竹杠,占其便宜」的意思。
He rips stuff off from pharmacies to sustain his drug addiction.
他从药局窃取物品来满足毒瘾。
Originality (n.) 原创性
Original 为形容词,表示为「独一无二,独具创造性的」,加上 -ity 作为名词,解释为创作者的「独创性」。
Originality measures the ability to produce ideas that are totally new or unique.
独创性是以产生全新或独特点子的能力来衡量的。
Copyright infringement (n.) 侵犯版权
Copyright 为各种「智慧财产权,著作权」的总称,包含如复制、演绎、公开展演权等。 Infringement 则是指任何「法律或规定上的违反」,在此两者组合解释为对他人版权的侵犯行为。
It is a criminal offense for a person to conduct willful copyright infringement.
任何人故意侵犯版权都属于刑事犯罪。
Royalty (n.) 版权费;版税
Royalty 虽然也指「皇室成员,皇室家族」的意思,但在此表示为类似为了享有他人财物的优先使用权而需支付的费用,例如专利使用费、创作品的版税、土地开采费、租用费等。
According to our contract, we will receive a 10% royalty for each copy sold.
根据我们的合约,我们每卖出一份都可收取 10% 的版税。
学会了以上关于抄袭的相关词汇后,接下来让我们来看看 Ashley 与 Chris 对于抄袭新闻的看法:
Ashley: What do you think of these two pictures? Don’t you think they look exactly the same? I hate to see this kind of plagiarism where it’s just ripping off the originality of its creator.
Ashley:你觉得这两张图怎么样?你不觉得它们看起来完全一样吗?我讨厌看到这种抄袭作品剥夺了创作者的原创性。
Chris: I totally agree. The only difference here is probably the colors. Has the creator filed a formal lawsuit for copyright infringement yet?
Chris:我完全认同。这里唯一的区别可能只是颜色的不同。不知道原创者是否已经正式提起版权侵权诉讼了呢?
Ashley: I hope so. The second artist has made an official announcement on her social media page this morning denying the accusations. She admitted using the materials as a reference, but the creation of the new piece is entirely her own interpretation.
Ashley:希望如此。第二位艺术家今天早上已经在她的社交媒体上正式否认这项指控。她承认参考这些材料,但是新作品完全是她自己的诠释方式。
Chris: If that’s the case, why do the designs look identical? Some kind of coincidence!
Chris:如果是这样,为什么设计看起来如出一辙?也太巧了吧!
接下来学会 5 个单字,来聊盗图跟版权:
Appropriation (n.) 挪用,盗用
Appropriation 除了「为某目的特别拨款」的意义外,也表示将他人财物「据为己有,盗用」的意涵。
He lost his job when he was found responsible for the appropriation of company funds.
他因为被发现挪用公款而失去了工作。
Violation (n.) 侵犯;违背
Violate 为其动词形态,皆表示对于法律、协议、原则的违背与侵犯的意涵。通常会在后方加上 of 连接侵犯的法律或原则,例如 violation of human rights(侵犯人权)、violation of international law(违反国际法)等。
She’s claiming that his newly-released single is a violation of her intellectual property.
她声称他新发行的单曲侵犯了她的智慧财产权。
Portrait rights (n.) 肖像权
Portrait 指个人的肖像, rights 为权利,通常在泛指一个领域的权利时,会以复数表示,例如 women’s rights(妇女权利)、civil rights(公民权)。肖像权是指肖像的任何主体对其肖像、个人形象、外表、个人特征或其它个人属性的权利,尤其在商业用途上的独有权。
Everyone captured on photograph or video is automatically entitled to portrait rights.
在照片或影片上被拍摄到的每个人都自动地享有该作品的肖像权。
Freebooting (n.) 盗取他人创作而牟利
原意来自荷兰语中「掠夺,洗劫」的意思。现在则专指截取他人网路媒体上的图像等创作,重新上传到自己的空间,并借此不劳而获得到流量或关注,从中牟利的违法行为。同样有类似单字起源的,还有 pirate 这个动名词。原本是指海上掠夺财物、蛮横无理的海盗们,而后衍生出盗取他人智慧财产创作、非法复制贩卖谋取利益的行为。
Someone reposted my video to their YouTube channel, and now their copy went viral. I can’t believe they’re freebooting me like this!
有人将我的视频转发到他们的 YouTube 频道,现在他们的版本竟然人气窜升。我不敢相信他们会像这样盗取我的创作!
Crib (v.) 抄袭,剽窃;作弊
Crib 作为名词还有「婴儿床;温馨的小窝」的意思,但同时在口语中也有「仿冒品,抄袭」全然不同的解释。和 copy、plagiarize 相比,crib 较不正式而情节比较轻微。
I wonder which artist he cribbed that crazy idea from.
我想知道他从哪个艺术家那里抄袭了那个疯狂的想法。
接下来,也来看看 Amanda 和 Chris 对于盗图的不同看法:
Amanda: I love this picture! I will definitely order the poster and hang it on my wall.
Amanda:我好爱这张图片!我一定会订购海报并挂在墙上展示。
Chris: Haven’t you seen the news? The artist was accused of appropriation and violation of portrait rights.
Chris:你没看新闻吗?这个艺术家被控盗用图片和侵犯肖像权。
Amanda: I have heard about it. But I also read that he has purchased the picture from a credible stock website with commercial use authorization.
Amanda: 我听说了。但我也读到,他是从一个可靠的图库网站购买了这张照片的商业用途授权。
Chris: Really? I still feel very doubtful about him. He had been suspected of freebooting in the past on several occasions.
Chris:真的吗?我对他还是存疑。他在过去曾多次被怀疑盗图。
Amanda: Well, I believe that many good works came from imitating or learning of other inspiration. If he’s using a legitimate resource to express his original ideas and talent, we should support that!
Amanda:嗯,我相信很多好的作品都源自于模仿或学习其他创作灵感。如果他用合法的资源来展现自己的原创想法和才能,我们应该支持!