1. mono 一个;单独的;单一的
“mono” 来自于希腊文中的「单独」 “mónos” ,应该是英文中最寂寞的字首。在英文的运用中, “mono” 也自然成为「一个」、「单独的」、「单一的」意思。
monocle 单片眼镜
monocracy 独裁政治
monocular 单眼;单目镜
Monocular glasses were a fashion trend among opera watchers in the beginning of the 20th century.
单眼眼镜是在20世纪初歌剧观众之间的时尚潮流。
monocycle 独轮车;独轮脚踏车
monogamy 一夫一妻制
In modern day society, monogamous marriages have become the norm amongst most civilized nations.
在现代社会中,一夫一妻制的婚姻已成为大多数文明国家的常态。
monogram 将姓名的首字母组成的组合图案形成的花押字
Coin collectors always pay attention on the intricate designs of monograms on ancient coins.
钱币收藏家总会注意古代铜板复杂的花押字设计。
monolingual 单语的;只用一种语言的人
The majority of Americans are monolinguals. Nevertheless, as Mark Zuckerberg and Jeb Bush set great examples, perhaps more Americans will find the immense benefits of speaking Chinese and Spanish.
大多数的美国人只会一种语言。然而,有马克·祖克柏与杰布·布希树立了良好的榜样,也许更多的美国人会发现,说国语与西班牙语将给他们带来极大的好处。
monolith 巨型独石;整块石料;庞然大物
monologue 独白; 独角戏;冗长的讲话
喜剧演员叙述他有多恨他前任女友的独白无趣又充满攻击性,大多的观众在他还在讲话时就离开了夜总会。
The comedian’s monologue about how much he hates his ex-girlfriend was unfunny and offensive. Most audiences left the nightclub halfway through his speech.
monomial 单项
A monomial is a mathematical expression that’s only composed of a single algebraic term.
单项式是一个数学中只有「一个代数」的术语。
monoplane 单翼飞机
monopoly 独占;专卖;垄断;完全控制
Government agencies have always possessed monopolies on resources such as water, gas, and electricity.
政府机构一直拥有对资源专卖的完全控制,例如水、煤气和电力。
Monopoly 大富翁;地产大亨(棋盘游戏)
《大富翁》的英文名称竟然就是「垄断」的意思,真是太干脆地点出游戏得胜的技巧了:垄断所有地产,让大家付过路费!
Monopoly is an American board game that has been popular since 1903.
《大富翁》是自从1903年一直流行美国的棋盘游戏 。
monorail 单轨铁路;单轨铁路车辆
The Walt Disney World Monorail System transports over 150,000 passengers on a daily basis.
华特迪士尼世界的单轨系统每天运输超过15万人。
monosyllable 单音节字
Monosyllabic words include such as “cat, life, love, heart, world” are easy to learn, and often appear in everyday conversations.
单音词的字的例子有「猫、生活、爱情、心脏、世界」,它们很容易学习,并经常出现在日常对话。
monotheism 一神论;一神教
Christianity is a monotheistic religion, while its concept “Trinity” is the belief that God exists in three beings: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
基督教是一神教的宗教,而它的概念「三位一体」的信念是相信神存在三个生物中:圣父,圣子,圣灵。
monotone 单调
monoxide 一氧化物
2. bi 二;双
“bi” 在拉丁文中的原型是 “bis”,也就是「两次」 (twice) 的意思。在英文中是普遍的字首,用来表达许多与「双」有关的词语。 ”LGBT” 中的 “B” 就是最简单的例子:bisexul,意指双性恋。
在学习 “bi” 开头的单字时,务必要注意它形容时间的双关效应。因为字首当然是固定的出现在最前面,而当它与时间搭配时,是没有办法分辨该字首是表示「某段时间的两倍长」,还是某些事项要「在某时间发生两次」,所以 “biweekly”、”bimonthly”、”biyearly” 都很容易造成误会。所以到底是一段时间中两次还是两倍的时间中发生一次,在沟通中大家要达到共识,解释清楚,才不会造成误会。
biannual 每年两次的;每半年的;一年两次的
*补充*
“annual” 在拉丁文中的原意就是「每一年」,而不是「一年」的意思。所以把 “bi” 放在它的前面只能用来表达事情在一年中会发生两次,没有把形容的时间加倍的效应。
biathlon 冬季两项两项竞赛(越野滑雪和步枪射击);两项运动
The biathlon consists of cross-country skiing, and rifle shooting. The sport originated in Norway as a form of military training.
冬季两项是由越野滑雪和步枪射击组成,该运动起源于挪威军事训练的一种形式。
biaxial 双轴;二轴的
bicentenary 二百周年
In the movie Bicentennial Man, Robin William played Andrew Martin, a robot who transformed into a human being, and died when he was two hundred years old.
在电影《变人》中,罗宾·威廉斯扮演安德鲁·马丁,一个转变成为人类的机器人,在两百岁时去世。
bicoastal 兼在美国东西两岸工作或居住
Bicoastal families in the United States often travel between the west and east coasts, since parents have jobs in different cities.
美国东西两岸的家庭因为父母在不同的城市工作,经常在东岸与西岸中旅行。
bicolor 二色的;二色之物
biconvex 两面凸的
biconcave 双凹
bicycle 脚踏车;自行车
biennial 两年一次
bifocals 双焦点透镜;双焦点的;双光眼镜
As middle age approaches, I realized that it might be about time to get some bifocal glasses, so I can easily read the menu when dine out.
由于中年的到来,我意识到应该去买双光眼镜,这样出外吃饭时就可以轻松阅读菜单了。
bilateral 双边的;双方的
Bilateral breathing is the preferred breathing technique of freestyle swimmers, because alternating sides to breathe keep the body in balance.
自由式的泳游者都选择双侧呼吸,因为交替用不同边换气可以保持身体平衡。
bilingual 通两种语言的人; 双语的
VoiceTube is an English learning platform that’s popular among millions of English learners who wish to become bilinguals.
VoiceTube 是一个数百万在学英文、想要变成通双语的人欢迎的语言学习平台。
bilocation 分身;分身术;同时现身于两处
bimonthly 隔月的;两个月一次的;一月两次的;半月刊
As the internet is becoming a significant source of information for people who enjoy reading, many monthly magazines are cutting costs, and publishing on a bimonthly basis.
随着网路已经成为阅读爱好者的重要资讯来源,许多月刊正在削减成本,改成每两个月出版。
binary 二进制
Binary code is a universal language among software programmers.
二进制代码是软体编程人员之间的通用的语言。
binocular 望远镜双眼双目;给两眼用的;用两眼的
The birdwatcher never goes out for an early morning walk without his binoculars.
观鸟者清晨散步时一定会带他的望远镜。
binomial 二项式
Learning to multiply binomial equations is one of the basics of algebra.
学习乘二项式方程式是代数的基础之一。
bipartisan 代表两党的;获得两个政党支持的;为两党所拥护的
biplane 双翼飞机,复翼飞机
bipolar 有两极的,双极的
bipolar disorder 躁郁症;双极性情感疾;双相障碍
Bipolar disorder is a genetic disorder. Nevertheless, people with genetic disadvantage of the disease can seriously reduce developing symptoms with healthy diet, and regular sleep cycles.
躁郁症是一种遗传性疾病。尽管如此,有该疾病基因遗传上的缺陷的人如果有健康的饮食与正常的睡眠,会大幅度的降低症状出现的可能性。
biracial 混血儿
bisexual 双性恋
biweekly 双周;每两周的;每周两次的;双周刊;半周刊
After receiving the data of his latest health exam, the slight overweight man decided to make jogging his biweekly activity.
轻微超重的男士收到最新的健康检查的数据后,决定每周慢跑两次。
biyearly 每年两次的;两年一次的
“Biyearly” is an expression that’s rarely used in American English. Mostly people would say “semi-annually”, “twice a year”, or “every six months.”
「每一年两次的」是美式英语中很少使用的表达方式。大多的人们会说「每半年」、「一年两次」、或「每六个月」。
3. poly 多;多数
“poly” 来自于希腊文中的「很多」 “polýs” ,应该是英文中最不寂寞的字首,所以在单字字首看到 “poly” 就可以简单地推理:在它后面的单字所代表的事物不是一个两个,很可能是很多个。
polybag 塑胶袋;塑料袋;聚乙烯袋
polychrome 多色的;多色装饰的;多色之物品
polyester 聚酯纤维;尼龙
Polyester shirts, bell-bottom jeans, and pillbox hats were popular fashion trends in the 1960’s, and items with bright colors still can be found in vintage stores.
尼龙衬衫、喇叭牛仔裤、药丸盒帽子是在 1960 年代的时尚潮流,如今这些鲜艳的复古服装还是可以在古董服装店找到。
polygamy 一夫多妻制;一妻多夫;雌雄混株
Big Love is an American TV show that reveals the existence of polygamy compounds in the state of Utah.
《三栖大丈夫》是一个美国连续剧,其中揭示美国犹他州一夫多妻制住宅群的存在。
polygene 多基因
polyglot 通数国语言; 通数国语文的人;用数国语文记载的书
polygon 多边形;多角形
polygraph 测谎器复写复图器多种波动描记器
A polygraph simultaneously detects a person’s blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity. It is also known as a lie detector.
多种波动描记器同时检测一个人的血压、脉搏、呼吸、和皮肤的导电性,也被称为测谎器。