1. Climate and Weather 气候和天气
在进入议题前，首先，我们要先了解「气候」和「天气」的不同。
Weather is the occurrence of nature every day. 天气发生在大自然的每一天
Climate is the pattern over usually we talk about a year. 气候通常都是我们以一年为讨论的形式
例如「今天是晴天」这是天气；「这个地区属于热带雨林，四季如夏」这是气候。
2. Flood and Drought 洪水和干旱
Flood is when there’s too much water. 洪水是有太多水了
Drought is when a region or a place doesn’t get water, doesn’t get any rain for a very long period of time.
干旱发生在当一个范围或地方没有水，长期都没有下任何的雨
而干旱还有可能造成famine，饥荒
Famine is when there’s a lot of people starving. 饥荒是指有很多的人们正在受饥饿所苦
3. Earthquake and Tsunami 地震和海啸
Earthquake is when the earth shakes and earthquake what often happens in the sea or near the sea.
地震是地球正在震动，通常发生在海底或是临海地区
Tsunami means harbour wave. 海啸是海港的大波浪的意思
4. Heat Waves and Cold Fronts 热浪和冷锋 (梅雨)
Cold fronts, means a very cold mass of air is moving. 冷锋是指大量移动通过的冷空气
Heat waves, same thing but heat, a lot of heat. 热浪是指大量移动通过的热空气
5. Blizzard and Squall 大风雪和雪飑
Blizzard is a very heavy snowstorm. 大风雪代表非常大的暴风雪
Squall is like a blizzard except that it’s very sudden, very short, and very intense.
雪飑它就像大风雪，但它发生的非常突然、非常短、非常强烈
6. Icestorm, Sandstorm, Thunderstorm and Lightningstorm 冰雪风暴、沙尘暴、雷暴雨和闪电风暴
Icestorm is dropping tiny ice particles. They fall down and become ice.
冰雪风暴是降下小小的冰粒，他们降落后会集结成冰
Sandstorm is that suddenly a big wind carries all this sand, and you can’t see anything.
突然间一阵大风带来所有沙，你看不到任何东西
Thunderstorm, lots of thunder. 雷雨挟带许多雷
Lightningstorm, lots of lightning. 闪电风暴有许多闪电
7. Hail 冰雹
Hail are little pieces of ice, and drop. 冰雹是一颗一颗的颗粒从天上降下来
8. Hurricane, Typhoon, and Cyclone 飓风、台风和旋风
They are all mean that a big circling storm that comes over land and destroys everything.
他们三个有相同的意义，都是一个大的盘旋风暴入侵陆地，并且摧毁一切
他们的主要差异是在发生的区域
Hurricane happens in the Atlantic Ocean and sometimes in the Northeast Pacific.
飓风大部分发生在大西洋，有时候也在太平洋的东北方
Typhoon is in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
台风大多发生在太平洋的西北方
Cyclone happens in the South Pacific and Indian Oceans
旋风发生在太平洋南边和印度洋
9. Tornado 龙卷风
Tornado is like a tiny little hurricane except it’s very localized, very small area, happens on land.
龙卷风就像个小型的飓风，但它只发生在小范围的陆地上。
10. Monsoon 季风
Monsoon is a very, very heavy wind and rainstorm. Usually hits India and Southeast Asia.
季风有非常大的风和暴风雨。通常侵袭印度和东南亚
11. Mudslide and Avalanche 山崩和雪崩
Mudslide happens because too much rain or too much deforestation.
土石流的发生是因为降雨量太大，或是有太多的森林滥砍
山上的树太少，导致树根无法牢牢抓住土壤，大雨来的时候，就会造成土石流，淹没山下的地区
Avalanche is like a mudslide except that it’s snow.
雪崩的概念跟土石流很像，因为山上有太厚重的雪，导致雪崩滑下来，淹没山下地区
12. Volcanic Eruption 火山爆发
Volcanic is a mountain, but inside with very hot magma or lava. 火山里面有非常热的岩浆和熔岩
When the volcanic erupt, all the ash covered the air. 火山爆发时，会产生大量的火山灰，并且淹没新鲜的空气
1. the eye of the storm 台风眼
例句：The eye of the storm is currently some 770 kilometers east-southeast of Yilan. 台风眼距离宜兰东南方约770公里
2. call off school and work 停止上班上课
例句：The government announced to call off school and work. 政府宣布停止上班上课
3. land and sea warnings 陆上与海上台风警报
例句：Land and sea warnings are in effect for the entire country. 整个国家的陆上与海上台风警报都已发布
4. make landfall 登陆
The severe typhoon is making landfall in Taiwan. 强台正在登陆台湾
5. weaken to 减弱为
That weird typhoon has weakened to tropical depression. 那个诡异的台风已经减弱为热带低气压了
