Cleaning the house is a chore. 清理房子是件苦差事。
动名词”Clearing”是由动词”Clean”加-ing演变而来,扮演著名词的角色。它还是具有动词的特性,可以有受词”the house”。动名词片语“Cleaning the house”(清理房子) 是整个句子的主词。
Eating too much is bad for one’s health. 吃太多对一个人的健康不好。
动名词”Eating”是由动词”Eat”加-ing演变而来,扮演著名词的角色。它还是具有动词的特性,可以被副词”too much”所修饰。动名词片语”Eating too much”(吃太多)是整个句子的主词。
How can I be assertive without being rude? 我要如何能有主见而不显得粗鲁?
动名词”being”是由动词”be”加-ing演变而来,扮演著名词的角色。形容词”rude” 粗鲁的,作为补语。动名词片语”being rude”作为介系词”without”的受词。
主词 Smoking damages your lungs.抽烟腐蚀你的肺。
受词 You should quit smoking.你应该戒烟。
补语 His favorite hobby is smoking.他最喜欢的嗜好是抽烟。
底下 cooking, cleaning, washing, ironing, shopping 等都是动名词,扮演着「名词」的角色,当动词 do 的受词。
Who’s going to do the cooking (烹调)
cleaning (打扫)
washing (洗涤)
ironing (熨衣服)
shopping (采购)
很多户外运动或休闲活动以《go + 动名词》来表达:
I go shopping
fishing
hunting
jogging every Sunday.
She went dancing
hiking
swimming
jogging
Would you ever go bowling
camping
skydiving
canoeing
Are you going scuba diving
skating
skiing
skydiving again soon?
但是,常见于口语,当 go 含有命令或请求时,后面要用省略to的不定词。
You go sit down. 你去坐下来!
Go take a bath! 去洗澡!
动名词与现在分词拼法相同,都是动词原式加 -ing,那又如何区分呢?
动名词扮演「名词」的角色,而现在分词则是当「形容词」使用,两者词类不同。
The smoking population in China has surpassed the 300 million mark. 中国的抽烟人口已超过 3亿大关。
Smoking 是现在分词,当形容词使用,修饰 population。
Smoking causes half a million deaths each year in the U.S. 吸烟导致美国每年50万人的死亡。
Somking 是动名词,当名词使用,作为句子的主词。
Among her hobbies are traveling, scuba diving, skiing, bike riding and hiking. 她的爱好中有旅游、潜水、滑雪、骑自行车和徒步旅行。
traveling, scuba diving, skiing, bike riding, hiking 均为动名词
小补充:
动名词前面时常可以看到所有格的人称代名词(my, your, his, her,their…)
I’m sad about your going to the movie without me. 你去看电影而不让我陪同,令我很伤心。
动名词的否定形式,not 必须放在动名词前面
He has no regrets about not going to the party. 他不后悔没有去参加聚会。
Not exercising can worsen your arthritis. 不运动会恶化你的关节炎。