英语音标表、字母表-字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀

 一、尝试用“胸腔辅助送力---—口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母，感觉学习标准发音，直到感觉音准，流利，升降调式自如为止。

印刷体：大写  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

        小写  a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

手写体倾斜：（注意四线格占格要求）

大写  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

小写  a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

[ ei / bi: /si: /di: / i: /ef /dVi: / eitF / ai / dVei / kei / el /em /en /Eu /pi://kju: /B: /es /ti: /ju: / vi: /dQblju: /eks /wai /zi:] 

u  先观察以上字母的读音，然后，把含有共同元音因素的字母进行分类：

(1)    [ei] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[  ]

(2)    [i:] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[   ] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[  ]

(3)    [ai] ___[  ] ___[   ]

(4)    [Eu] ___[  ]

(5)    [u:] ___[  ] ___[   ] ___[         ]

(6)    [e] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[  ] ___[  ]

(7)    [B:] ___[  ]

二、                英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类表

三、英语拼音怎么来拼读：(也就是单词的音标怎么读。/与我们汉语拼音很相似)  

（拼读规则：以元音为中心划分音节，按音节来拼读。）

拼读口诀：元音为中心，划分音节、按音节拼读；多音节加重音、多音节一重多轻发音，轻音节怎么轻怎么发音。重开音节读长音，轻/闭音节读短音。例子：he[hi:], name [neim], table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE], red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow, umbrella,

*****{详细内容见后面第五节(本材料第8页)：五、音节划分。。。}

u  小测试：音标拼读练习。

[ai] + [E] →[aiE] [au]+ [E]→ [auE]  [h]+ [iE]→ [hiE]  [p]+ [ZE] →[pZE] [t]+[Ci] →[tCi]

[ei]+ [tF]→ [eitF]  [tF] +[ei]→[tFei] [g]+[Eu]→[gEu] [k]+[au]→[kau] [sn]+[Eu]→[snEu]

[pr]+[au]→[prau]  [pl]+[ei]→[plei] [gr]+[i:]→[gri:]  [gl]+[u:]→[glu:]  [kl]+[B:]→[klB:]

[kl]+[B:]+[s]→[klB:s] [t]+[u:]+[W]→[tu:W] [br]+[au]+[n]→[braun] [r]+[Q]+[b]+[E]→[`rQbE]

[b]+[B:]+[s]+[k]+[i]+[t]→[`bB:skit]  [t]+[i:]+[tF]+[E]→[`ti:tFE] 

[Q]+[m]+[br]+[e]+[l]+[E]→[Qm`brelE]  [bai]+[si]+[kl]→[`baisikl]  [brQ]+[TE]→[`brQTE]

四、英文字母和常见字母组合的发音规则（或一般规律）：

1.       为什么要掌握字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律？目的只有一个，让我们能够做到------见字读音、音义结合。记住词形、服务拼写。第二步就是要反过来，学会语音认字（类似我们的拼音认字），通过多加练习，逐步达到听音写字、音义结合的水平。第三步是形义结合，练习英语汉语意义对应翻译。

例1：假如你知道字母组合ee一般发音是[i:] (规律), 那么，meet这个单词就脱口而出了。

      单词(词形)： meet  词义：遇见；初次见面/认识；满足迎合；迎接/出迎。

               [ __-__-__ ] → [     ] 读音/音标

例 2：单词(词形)：which  词义：哪个，哪些

                [ __-__-__ ] → [      ] 读音/音标

例 3：单词(词形)：whose  词义：谁的？

                [ __-__-__ ] → [     ] 读音/音标

例 4：单词(词形)：pl ea se  词义：请，求你了,

                [ __-__-__ ] → [     ] 读音/音标

2.       英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律：（要求熟记于心，脱口而出）

☻总口诀：  元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。

             字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。遇见生词找规律，划分音节顺口连，

             元音字母在中间，辅音字母两边站，字母组合算一个，熟能生巧难亦简。

☻辅音字母发音小口诀：辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。

b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s];  例词：blue, table, Crisp, class, picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,

d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见;    Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garage

h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连;      her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book, look, blue, Klan class

m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r];   meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,

s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please, sure[F], usually[V], pleasure

x 发音剪头端，[ks]多于[gz]面； six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise;  exam, (后接重读元音)

t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念；  teacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash,  which,white

最后一个字母z，发好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,

☻辅音字母一见发音表：

☻常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀：  字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。

wh发音 [h] 和 [w],  th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；

ch/tch多发 [tF],  有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；

sh [F], ph [f],  gh 不发或发 [f](词尾)；

ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];

ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。

wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/ 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}

例词：

wh发音 [h] 和 [w],  

   wh ---[  ] which, white, what, where, when, why  [  ] whose, who, whole {*whew [hw-]}

th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；th --- [  ] this, that, the, they, with  [  ] thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventh

ch/tch多发 [tF],  有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；

   (t)ch ---[  ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch chase(追赶，追击，追求),  

  [  ] ache, headache, chemist   [  ] machine[mE`FEn], chaise [Feiz] (带篷二轮马车)

sh [F], ph [f],  gh 不发或发 [f](词尾)；   sh ---[  ] shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash       

   ph ---[  ] photo, telephone, phrase    gh ---[  ] right, light, daughter  [  ] laugh, cough 

ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];

   (d)ge ---[  ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥，稀饭)

   ck ---[  ] black, kick, lock, back

   kn ---[  ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织), knob(球形把手, 旋钮),

        knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士; **《金山游侠》，金山公司出品的游戏修改软件),

ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[  ] sing, song, long, wing  [  ] English, hungry

qu ---[  ] quick, quite(相当，十分), quiet (安静的，平静的), quarter, require,

     [  ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一，独有独特的), technique(技巧),

wr 发卷趋 [r],

   wr ---[  ] wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧，扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞，扭)

   双写分节不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母：see, zoo, book}

ts/tes ---[  ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats /shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫), many streets(许多街道), two packets(两个包裹/两包..), some presents/ sweets(一些礼物/糖果), two biscuits (两块饼干), a box of chocolates (一包巧克力糖), ten minutes (十分钟), two gates (两扇大门), in my pockets (在我的口袋里), two lights /kites (两个灯 /风筝), two nests (两个鸟巢/窝), two tea-pots (两个茶壶), some carrots (一些胡萝卜), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits,

ds/des---[  ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物),

辅音连缀：pr ---[  ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,

pl---[  ] please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (丰富, 大量), pliers (钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,扁嘴钳等),镊子),

        plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上),

br---[  ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸，刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养), brown, bride(新娘),

bribe(贿赂, 向…行贿), brush 

bl---[  ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,

cr-/kr---[  ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(摇篮), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀, [运动]板球) criticize(批评, 责备), cry,

cruel(残忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宫),

cl-/kl---[  ] class, claim((根据权利)要求得到, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要) clean, clear, clock, close, click(发出滴答

      声,单击n.滴答声) , club(俱乐部, 夜总会,), klaxon (高音喇叭/气笛, 电喇叭), Klan (=Ku Klux Klan)三K党)

gr---[  ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的，温文尔雅)，green, great, grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), grin(露

齿笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(着说), gruffly (说话或态度粗暴地, 粗声地, 生硬地)

gl---[  ] glass, glad, gleam (发微光, 使闪烁), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球仪), glove(手套), glue(胶水/胶合)

fr---[  ] France, French, free, fresh (新鲜的, 无经验的), frequent (频繁的), friend (朋友), fried, fry, frog (青蛙),

from(自，从)，front (前面,前线,阵线), fruit (水果, 果实, 果类, 成果), frustrated (感到灰心/失败的)

fl---[  ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,热情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飞, 飘动), flares (喇叭裤), flash (闪光, 闪现, 一瞬间), flea

(跳蚤), flee (逃跑, 逃走), fleer (狞笑, 讥笑), flesh (肉,果肉), flinch (畏缩, 退缩, 畏首畏尾), floor (地板，楼层),

float (漂浮,浮舟,彩车), flood (洪水, 水灾, 淹没, 涌进,涌出) flour (面粉), flow (流动, (河水)泛滥, 洋溢), flower

 (花) , flu (流感), fly (飞翔，飞行)，flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利的, 流畅的),

sl---[  ] slave (奴隶), slander (诽谤), slaughter (屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀), sleep (睡眠, 睡觉), sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),

sleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗条的, 纤细的), slip (滑倒, 失足), slogan (口号, 标语), slow(ly)

(慢的/地), sly/ slily [slaili](狡猾的/地),

sm---[  ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地), smarty (=wise guy自作聪明的人), smell

   (气味, 臭味, //嗅, 闻到, 散发(...的)气味, 有(...的)气味), smile ((～ at) 微笑), smog (烟雾), smoke (n.烟, 烟

                尘, 烟幕//v.抽烟, 吸烟vi.冒烟), smuggle (n.走私, 偷带v.走私),

sn---[  ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃)), snail (蜗牛), snap (猛咬), sneer (冷笑,轻蔑的笑), sneeze (打/ 喷嚏),

 snob /snobling (势利的年轻人, 势利小人),

sk---[  ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览), skin (皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛), skint (身无分文

的, 穷光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,跳读), sky-blue (天蓝色的, 淡蓝色, 蔚蓝色)

sp---[  ] space (空间, 间隔, 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain (西班牙), spare (多余的, 剩下的/分让给),

 spell, speak (说话, 谈话, 发言, 演讲, 说明事实, 表示意见,操(某种语言)), spear ([spiE]矛, 枪), specific ([spi`sifik]特效药, 详细而精确的, 明确的), spice (香料, 调味品,情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会), spume [spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous (adj.起泡沫的, 泡沫状的), spur[spE:](n.踢马剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter [`spQtE](n.vi.vt.说话急快/唾沫飞溅/飞溅出/喷溅声), sputum [spju:tEm](唾液, 痰), spy (特工, 间谍, 侦探,//秘密侦察),

st---[  ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)), stage (舞台,戏剧,举行), star (星, 恒星, 明星, 名角), start (动身,开始,着手

       惊动,惊起,起动,发动), staff (棒, 杖, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员), stadium (露天运动场/体育场), step, steep(陡峭的),       stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘贴), stop, student, stupid (愚蠢的, 麻木的), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 结结巴巴的说), style (风格, 时尚, 文体),

sw---[  ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,垂花饰), swear(宣誓, 发誓), sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),

sweater(厚运动衫, 毛线衫), sweep(扫, 打扫, 清扫, 席卷, 冲光), sweepup(n.大扫除), sweet(甜的, 可受的, 美好的, 芳香的/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum), swing (swang, swung,秋千, 摇摆, 摆动), swicky([美]威士忌酒), swig(n/v.痛饮, 大喝特喝(尤指从瓶口喝的)), swiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地), swindle (sb of…骗走某人的), swob(拖把, 海棉), swobble(大口地吃), swoon(vi.昏晕, 昏厥惊讶, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉), swoop(n.突然下降, 猛扑vt攫取vi.飞扑, 突然袭击), sword(剑), swot(at../ for../up; vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人, 辛苦的工作),

dw---[  ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at../in...居住 停留于;on../upon..细想, 详述),

tw---[  ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双, 二, 一对), twin(s), twig ([twig]n.嫩枝, 小

枝, 末梢), twice([twais]adv.两次, 两倍), twiddle (with…v.玩弄, 旋弄,捻), twill ([twil]n.斜纹织物vt.把...织成斜纹adj.

斜纹织物的), twine ([twain]n.合股线, 细绳, 麻线, 搓v.搓, 织, 编饰, (使)缠绕), twinge([twindV]n.一阵一阵痛, 如刺一样痛, 剧痛vt.使一阵一阵痛, 刺痛), twinkle ([5twiNkl]v.闪烁, 闪耀, (使)闪光n.闪烁, 发光, 牛眼), twist([twist]n.一扭, 扭曲,手法, 螺旋状vt.拧, 扭曲, 绞, 搓, 捻, 使苦恼, 使转动, vi.扭弯, 扭曲, 缠绕, 扭动, 呈螺旋形),two,

thr---[  ] three, thread(线，细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹), threaten(恐吓, 威胁), threnode (哀歌), thrive(兴旺, 繁荣, 茁壮成长, 旺盛), throw(扔，抛，投，摔，掷，丢), through (通过，穿过，透过/〔时间〕从…的开始到末了，从头到尾；〔场

所〕到处，全面), throat (咽喉, 喉咙, 嗓音, 窄路), throne (王座, 君主), throstle (=wood thrush画眉鸟), thruput(吞吐量), thrust(力推, 冲, 插入, 挤进, 刺, 戳), thrypsis([5Wripsis]粉碎性骨折),

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u  提前练一练，看看有何难。小测试：

1). 见字读音: 写出下列单词的音标。

   class [      ] this [    ] your [    ] you [   ] here [    ] Sandy [     ] Crisp [      ]

2). 音义结合：写出下列读音所对应的汉语意义。

   [klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;

3). 听音写字：根据音标写单词。

   [klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;

   [hu:z] ________ [it] ___ [pli:z] ________ [daun] _______ [`ru:lE] _______ [kQm] ____

4). 形义结合：英汉互译（即，写出对应的英语或汉语意思）。

   her -____; thank-_______; 定冠词/ 这个或那个-______; 书-______; rubber -_______;

   小姐 -______; 帽子 -_____; Sit down please. ________; Thank you. _______; Here you are.

   _________; Yes, it is. ________; Come here, please. ___________;

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☻字母L的两种读音口诀：音节开头发清音[l -], 音节末尾模糊音[- l],

[l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大个), black, please, clock, color, toilet, holiday, English, Italian, nationality, lollipop,

[- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell, level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il], old[Eul], cold, child[ail], children [il], full [ul], beautiful [ul], apple [pl], people, pupil, table [bl], impossible, label ((贴)标签), little [tl], bottle, title, middle [dl], cradle(摇篮),bicycle [kl], eagle [gl], pencil [sl], puzzle [-zl], dazzle[5dAzl](眩目，晃眼，耀眼),

常见音节尾音总结：[i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql / El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul / ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul / ]

     [-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl /  -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / ]

         [-pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl /  -gEl / -fEl / -vEl / -sEl / -zEl ] 

☻元音字母a e i(y) o u  的发音口诀： 元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。

重开音节多长音，[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]来拼；重闭音节/轻音短，[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]

a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。

重开音节i发[ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。

u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。

ay ,ey, o/uy，多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音须强化。

相近发音不规则，省力顺口是关键。相近/强化加弱化，使得元音多变化。

例词：

a--- [/ ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / ] 强化音[ei]，弱化音[E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。

name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:], afterward(s) [B:/E](然后, 后来), dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [A/E], America[E], asleep, alone, afraid, banana [E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what [C], war[C:], orange [i],

e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音) / ]  强化音[i:]，弱化音[E/ i ]  e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。

   he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella [e], French [e], basket [i], women [i], pretty [i], the [E / i:], children [E], open [E], hundred [E / i:],

/ -*(词尾空音) /---- whose [z], house [s], nice [s], face [s], white [t], name [m], give [v], side [d], wake [k], prize [z], fine [n], tube [b], orange [dV], employee [i:] (职工, 雇员, 店员), apple [pl], table [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鹰),

i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ] 强化音[ai/i:]，弱化音[E/ i]  重开音节发[i: /ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。

   right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E],

o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-]  强化音[Eu/ C:/u:]，弱化音[E]

o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。

   no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog [C], not [C], hot [C], sorry [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whose [u:], who [u:], do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u], policeman [E], today [E], occasion [E](场合, 时机, 机会), aeroplane [E], //  one [wQn], once [wQns], reservoir [`rezEvwB:],

u--- [ /ju:/ Q /  u / u: /i / ]  强化音[ju:/u:]，弱化音[i]u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。

   use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue [u:],minute [i], busy [i]

y--- [ /ai / j / i /]  强化音[ai]，弱化音[i]   y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。

   your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty [i], busy [i], body [i], slowly [i],

☻常见元音字母组合发音口诀：  字母组合固定音，常受影响发音变；千锤百炼习语感。

组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节))；常受影响发音变；为了顺口图方便，近似发音相变换。

另有强化加弱化，多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音)，熟读百遍字腔圆。

a--- ay  [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday,  // [i]  Sunday, Monday, …

   ar  [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic,  // [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular[pE`tikju:lE],

   al  [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, // [B:] half, 

[C:l / Al / El ]非组合式的情况：although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类, 海藻), algal [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra [Al`dVibrE] (代数学), signal [lsigEl](信号/发信号, 用信号通知),

   au  [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月), august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的, 威严的),

       [C] because,  [au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh,

   air  [ZE]  air, chair, hair, pair, fair,

   ai  [ei]  aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,),

   aw  [C:]  draw, law, saw, awful, raw,

e--- ea  [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head,  [ei] great, break, steak,

   ee  [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen,

   ei  [ei] eight, weigh, weight,  [i:]  receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺骗, 谎言), receipt (收条, 收据, 收到), perceive (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit (原义;自负, 幻想),

   er  [E:]  her, herd(兽群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,), [E] teacher, sister,  brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,

   ear  [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者), [ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓),

[E:] early, earth, earn,

   ere  [iE] here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球),   [ZE] there, ere (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前),

   eir  [ZE] their,

   eer  [iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, ,

   ey  [ei]  they, grey, hey,

   ew  [ju:]  new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊),

i--- ir  [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动),

   ie  [i:] piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, achieve(完成, 达到), chief(首领, 领袖, 酋长, 长官//主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的), grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), relief((痛苦等的)减轻),

   ire  [aiE] tire(轮胎；使劳累), tired(累的，疲劳的), wire(金属丝, 电线),

   igh  [ai] right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight,

o--- or  [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more,  [E:] work, worker,  [E]  actor, doctor, forget,

   oa  [Eu]  boat, coat, goat, goal,

   oo  [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态),

[u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot  [Q] blood, flood,

   ou  [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,

[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), [u:] you, through, rouge [ru:V](擦口红/胭脂), [u]would, could, should,    [C:] cough,

   ow  [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower,  [Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw

   oy/oi  [Ci]  boy, toy, enjoy, employ,  // noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil,

   our  [au] our, flour(面粉)   [C:] your, four, course,

ore  [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee,

oor  [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),

u--- ur  [E:]  turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市内的), suburb, suburbia (郊区居民),

    ure  picture, future[tFE],  // sure[FuE],   //pleasure, measure[VE],

    ua  [JE]  usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生, 研究生),

       非组合发音： graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大学)毕业),   [jJE]January,

    uy [ai] buy, guy,

五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读：

1.         音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位，一个单位算一节。连读起来轻重缓急，流利有节奏，便于听说阅读。

2.         音节的结构、类型：口诀： 完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含组合)，缺头少尾有开闭(音节)，e尾/成音/r音节。

开音节/闭音节：以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节，以辅音结尾的是闭音节。

开音节(词) ：[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,

闭音节(词)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸腾，煮沸，激动), cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,

r音节：元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成的独立的音节，也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节。

       例如：far(远的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动, 激起), or, for(为了，对于，因为，适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, // ar•ti•cle(文章), or•der (命令, 定购, 定制；次序, 顺序,秩序), ur•gent (急迫的, 紧急的), ur•ban (城市的, 市内的),

成音节： 辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发音的e)可算作一个音节。

       例如：la•bel ((贴)标签), pu•pil, pen•cil [sl], ta•ble, bi•cy•cle, lit•tle [tl], ap•ple [pl],

       peo•ple,

3.         划分音节口诀： 音节中心看母音，辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连，一靠后,二分手；多个中间偏左右，字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m –n(e)，前有辅音成音节。

例子：学会一眼识破音节数目，运用语音规则，做到见字读音。

闭音节：pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And], eat [i:t],

开音节：he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea•cher [`ti:tFE], rea•dy [`redi], Ju•ly [`dVu(:)lai],  

        ru•ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],

成音节： ta•ble [`teibl], ap•ple [pl], bot•tle [tl], mid•dle [dl], bi•cy•cle [`baisikl], pen•cil [sl],

        se•ven [`sevn], e•le•ven [i `lev(E)n],

不发音的e 尾：come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give [giv],（开音节的外形，多读长音。）

4.         单词重音（重音符号ˊ）：双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节，其它读轻音。遇到生词，有音标当然省事，但在无音标的情况下，至于哪个音节要重读，由于英语词源、构词、例外情况等诸多因素限制，不可能将每个生词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律：

重音口诀： 为了顺口有节奏，张口由大变到小(省气力)，大口/长音多重读，还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音)，特别写法长又多(特别是写法很长的多音节词)，倒数第三多琢磨。(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻。哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重。

一般具体做法是：① 单音节都重读；这类单词很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, house, bread

② 双音节词 ▲ (发长音或大口音重读, 这类单词很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE], `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn],  // `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,

▲ (两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读; 这类单词很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty, clever [`klevE], letter [ `letE],

▲ (带前后缀多词根重读。例如：a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side, be`hind, /`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building,

④ 多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读。带前后缀多词根重读。

例如：`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality, `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper, // suddenly, inter`national, `championship, `countable, `interesting, mechano`therapy (力学疗法),

③ 合成词保持开头单词的重音：例如：policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream, `classroom, `schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek, `snakes-and-`ladders,

u  小测试：给下列单词划分音节, 并拼读出来。(单音节词下划线，多音节词用竖线分割。)

1). yes, here, sorry, yellow, football, brother, woman, sister, hungry, very, thirsty, busy, tired, picture, quickly, evening, empty, children, school, funny, actress, policewoman, open, clever, heavy, banana, 2). exercise, beautiful, thick, light, small, French, German, English, Italian, American, letter, mother, street, colour, locker, dirty, towel, our, lady, twins. sandwich, duster, hurry, headmaster, playground, 3). upstairs, perhaps, asleep, today, holiday, animal, lollipop, instead, biscuit, chocolate, minute, fine, shell, gate, near, under, newspaper, silly, beside, behind, between, together, attention, laugh, matter, 4). face, ear, aeroplane, goal, trousers, knife, chimney, water, make, turn, piece, easy, course, watch, basin, hopscotch, game, throw, stone, window, telescope, across, into, happen, present, birthday,

u  注意：这语音方面的技能需要在下面不断练习，我们可以把教材里的单词多多练习。一有时间就拿起教材进行训练。天长日久，会取得你满意的效果。