When you speak or write in English, you want to make sure that the words and phrases that you use describe exactly what you are thinking. There are many ways to do this, including using qualifiers, modifiers, and intensifiers.
当你用英语说或写的时候，你要确保你用的单词和短语准确地描述了你在想什么。有很多方法可以做到这一点，包括使用限定符、修饰符和增强器。
Each of these are ways to make what you describe more specific, so the audience – whether it is your best friend or thousands of your readers on the internet – can better understand what you mean.
每一种方法都能让你描述的更具体，这样无论是你最好的朋友还是成千上万的互联网读者，都能更好地理解你的意思。
What are modifiers?
什么是修饰语?
Like qualifiers, modifiers modify the meaning of a sentence. They change its meaning, depending on the intention of the speaker. Modifiers are the broadest category of words that help you describe meaning. Because of that, they can be all types of parts of speech, such as adjectives, adjective clauses, adverbs, adverb clauses, absolute phrases, infinitive phrases, participle phrases, and prepositional phrases. If used well, modifiers can make any sentence more engaging, detailed, and interesting for the reader. Modifiers give the reader more information, creating a more complete picture of the situation.
和限定词一样，修饰语修饰句子的意思。它们根据说话者的意图改变其意思。修饰语是帮助你描述意思的最广泛的一类词。因此，它们可以是所有类型的词类，如形容词、形容词从句、副词、副词从句、绝对短语、不定式短语、分词短语和介词短语。如果使用得当，修饰语可以使任何句子更吸引人，更详细，更有趣的读者。修饰语给读者更多的信息，创造一个更完整的情况。
For example, take this sentence:
例如，用这句话来说：
Amy gathered ingredients.
艾米收集原料。
If you use each of these types of modifiers above, you can create something as complex as a story – just with the extra details. For example, see the sentence below:
如果您使用上述每种类型的修饰符，您可以创建像故事一样复杂的东西-只需要额外的细节。例如，请参见下面的句子：
Young Amy, who just wanted to eat her favorite dessert to reward herself, enthusiastically gathered ingredients for a cake from the kitchen pantry, sneaking bits of sugar and chocolate as she left a trail of flour on the kitchen table and floor, a situation requiring her mother to spend so much time cleaning up that she couldn’t help Amy bake the cake.
年轻的艾米只想吃她最喜欢的甜点来奖励自己，她从厨房的餐具室里热情地收集蛋糕的配料，偷偷地在厨房的桌子和地板上留下一小片面粉，同时还偷了一些糖和巧克力，这种情况要求她母亲花太多时间打扫卫生，以致于她无法帮助艾米烤蛋糕。
The above sentence, though long, tells much more of the story than the first sentence. It is also much more interesting to read, and makes you likely want to know more about the situation.
上面这句话虽然很长，但比第一句讲的故事要多得多。它也更有趣的阅读，使你可能想知道更多的情况。
What did Amy want to reward herself for? Why did her mother not help her gather the ingredients? The sentence also contains at least one of each of the following types of modifiers, as outlined below.
艾米为什么要奖励自己?为什么她妈妈不帮她收集配料?该句子还包含以下每种类型的修饰语中的至少一种，如下所述。
Adjective (describes a noun or pronoun): young
形容词(形容名词或代词)：young
Adjective clause (a descriptive phrase that acts as an adjective): who just wanted to eat her favorite dessert
形容词从句(用作形容词的描述性短语)：只想吃她最喜欢的甜点的人
Infinitive phrase (a descriptive phrase that starts with an infinitive, or to followed by a verb): to reward herself
不定式短语(以不定式开头或后跟动词的描述性短语)：奖励自己
Adverb (describes an adjective or verb): enthusiastically
副词(形容形容词或动词)：热情地
Prepositional phrase (a descriptive phrase that starts with a preposition, or anything a frog can do to a log, like sit on, in, or on top of it): from the kitchen pantry
介词短语(以介词开头的描述性短语，或青蛙对原木所做的任何事情，如坐在原木上、坐在原木上或在原木上做的任何事情)：来自厨房的餐具室
Participle phrase (descriptive phrase starting with a verb in an adjective form, usually ending in –ing or –ed): sneaking bits of sugar and chocolate
分词短语(以形容词形式的动词开头的描述性短语，通常以-ing或-ed结尾)：偷偷的糖和巧克力
Adverbial clause (a descriptive phrase acting as an adverb): as she left a trail of flour on the kitchen table and floor
状语从句(一种做副词的描绘性短语)：当她在厨房的桌子和地板上留下面粉痕迹时
Absolute phrase (a descriptive phrase that attaches to a sentence with no conjunction, often modifying the meaning of the whole sentence): a situation requiring her mother to spend so much time cleaning up that she couldn’t help Amy bake the cake.
绝对短语(附在句子上的不带连词的描述性短语，经常修改整句话的意思)：一种需要母亲花大量时间清理的情况，她无法帮助艾米烤蛋糕。
As you can see from each of these modifiers above, they can be placed in any part of the sentence to modify any kind of word or phrase.
从上面的每个修饰语可以看出，它们可以放在句子的任何部分来修饰任何类型的单词或短语。
Adjectives and adverbs always go in front of the word or phrase they are modifying, but other than that, most modifiers can be put where they sound the best and where the thing that they will modify is the clearest.
形容词和副词总是出现在它们所修饰的词或短语的前面，但除此之外，大多数修饰语都可以放在它们听起来最好的地方，它们将要修饰的东西最清楚的地方。
You have complete flexibility to create your sentences with them!
你有完全的灵活性来创造你的句子!
What are qualifiers?
什么是限定词?
Qualifiers a subgroup of modifiers, and are adverbs, either words or phrases, that change the meaning of a verb by limiting it. Instead of saying Pam was working, which implies that Pam was doing work, you can limit the amount of work that you describe by saying Pam was hardly working. this second sentence, with the qualifier hardly, has a completely different meaning than the first. In this case, Pam is doing much less work than before. The general purpose of a qualifier is to express doubt, or to qualify what you are saying. You limit the meaning of the verbs and adjectives that you change, which can be very useful if you do not yet have a large vocabulary. Put these qualifiers in front of the verb or adjective that you want to describe.
限定词修饰语的一个子组，可以是副词，可以是单词或短语，通过限制动词来改变动词的意义。不要说Pam在工作，这意味着Pam在工作，你可以通过说Pam几乎不工作来限制你描述的工作量。第二句几乎没有限定词，它的意思与第一句完全不同。在这种情况下，Pam做的工作比以前少得多。限定词的一般用途是表示怀疑，或者限定你所说的话。你可以限制你所改变的动词和形容词的意义，如果你还没有足够的词汇量，这将非常有用。把这些限定词放在你想描述的动词或形容词前面。
Some very common qualifiers are in the list below:
下面列出了一些非常常见的限定符：
To lessen the impact of something:
减轻某事的影响：
May/Might/Maybe/May be/Might/Could/Kind of/Sort of/Somewhat/Slightly
可能/也许/也许是/有点/稍微有点
Examples:
例子
I might be going to Italy in June with my cousins, but I’m not sure yet.
我可能六月份和我的表兄弟们去意大利，但我还不确定。
The rain could fall, but the sun is out to it is hard to predict.
雨可能会下，但太阳出来了，很难预测。
Katie kind of wants to go to Disneyland, but she is afraid to ask her parents to take her.
凯蒂有点想去迪斯尼乐园，但她不敢让父母带她去。
To say a smaller number
说一个较小的数字
Few/Not many/A small number/A minority/Some
少/不多/少数/少数
Examples:
例子：
A minority of voters approve of the new legislation that is being considered.
少数选民赞成正在考虑的新立法。
Few students enjoy learning from reading books, as they would prefer to try different things and learn by experimentation.
很少有学生喜欢从读书中学习，因为他们更喜欢尝试不同的东西，通过实验来学习。
I would like some peas, please.
请给我一些豌豆。
To say that something does NOT happen more often than it does, or is less common than you expect
说某事不会比它发生得更频繁，或者比你期望的要少
Hardly/Hardly ever/Rarely/Infrequently/Seldom/Sporadically/Scarcely/For a short time
很少//偶尔/几乎没有/短时间内
Examples:
例子：
This is scarcely the time to be doubting our plans, Harry.
哈利，现在几乎不是怀疑我们计划的时候。
It hardly ever rains here, so if you draw lines in the sand, you can come back and see them years later.
这里几乎从不下雨，所以如果你在沙地上画线，你可以在几年后回来看。
The ice cream truck rarely comes by our neighborhood, but is very popular when it does.
冰淇淋车很少经过我们附近，但很受欢迎。
To create doubt
表示怀疑
Unlikely/Improbable/Doubtful/Possibly/Probably/Not likely/Undecidedly/Apparently
不可能/可疑/可能/不可能/不确定/明显不可能/不可能/也许/不可能/不确定/明显
Examples:
例子：
To answer your question, it is highly unlikely that Cassie will be picked for the position.
回答你的问题，凯西被选上这个职位的可能性很小。
Don’t get your hopes up because your design is not likely to be selected.
不要因为你的设计不太可能被选中而抱有希望。
The doctor will probably have some time to see you in the afternoon, so come when you are available.
下午医生可能有时间来看你，有空的时候来。
To make generalizations; or talk about multiple things that are related, but not the same
概括;或谈论多种相关但不相同的事情
Basically/Essentially/Generally/Pretty/Rather/Virtually
基本上/大体上/一般地/漂亮/相当于/实际上
Examples:
例子：
“Traveling in the different countries in Asia is basically the same,” said John, who had never been to any of the countries in Asia.
从未去过亚洲任何一个国家的约翰说：“在亚洲的不同国家旅行基本上是一样的。
Essentially, the point of the festival is to celebrate the great things that have happened in the past year.
从本质上讲，节日的意义在于庆祝过去一年发生的大事。
Virtually every tournament only lets boys compete, probably because everyone is afraid to be beaten by a girl.
几乎每场比赛都只让男孩参加，可能是因为每个人都害怕被女孩打败。
Qualifiers are not limited to the above list, and can be long phrases as well as single words.
限定词不限于以上列表，可以是长短语，也可以是单个单词。
What are intensifiers?
什么是强调词?
Intensifiers are another special category of modifiers. They have the opposite effect of qualifiers, and strengthen (rather than weaken) the meaning of the words and phrases that they modify.
增强器是另一类特殊的修饰语。它们具有与限定词相反的效果，并加强(而不是削弱)它们修改的单词和短语的含义。
They are either positive (like very) or negative (like definitely not). Some examples of these two categories of intensifiers are below:
它们要么是积极的(像非常)要么是消极的(像绝对不是)。这两类增强器的一些例子如下：
Positive intensifiers
肯定强调词
Very/Extremely/Absolutely/Completely/Greatly/Too/So/Totally/Utterly/Highly/Rather/Really/Exceptionally/Particularly/Seriously/Quite (in American, but not British, English)/Awfully (be careful: awful means very bad, but awfully usually describes some great, like The cake was awfully delicious!)
非常的/绝对的/完全的/非常的/太多的/所以的/完全的/程度高的/相当的/非常的/特别的/认真的/相当的(在美国，但不是英国，英语)/Awfully(小心：糟糕的意思是非常糟糕，但是Awfully通常描述一些伟大的，像蛋糕是非常美味的!)
Examples:
例子：
The boss was very adamant that the software be changed this way, so we had better listen to his demands.
老板非常坚决地要求这样修改软件，所以我们最好听听他的要求。
I completely agree with Nathan, even though we never agree on anything.
我完全同意内森的观点，尽管我们从来没有达成一致。
Sally really wanted to kiss Liam that night.
那天晚上莎莉真的很想吻利亚姆。
Negative intensifiers
否定强调词
Never/At all/What on earth…?
从来没有/根本没有/到底是什么…?
e. What on earth is Mindy doing? To question Mindy’s actions.
明迪到底在干什么?质疑明迪的行为。
Why… ever…?
究竟为什么?
e. Why did I ever agree to help you move your furniture? To indicate regret or a problem.
我究竟为什么同意帮你搬家具?表示遗憾或问题。
Dangerously/Seriously/Ever again/Bitterly (goes with specific words, only, including cold, unhappy, disappointed, sad, )
危险的/严肃的/永远的/痛苦的(仅限于特定的词语，包括冷漠、不快乐、失望、悲伤)
Examples:
例子：
Luke never wants to see Philip ever again.
卢克再也不想见菲利普了。
My son does not want to attend this college at all!
我儿子根本不想上这所大学!
You are getting dangerously close to the edge of my patience.
你正危险地接近我的忍耐极限。
To say a larger number
说一个更大的数字
Many/Most/Some/Lots of/Numerous/Countless/A majority/Mostly/Various
很多/大多数/一些/大多数/数不尽的/大多数的/各种各样的
Examples:
例子：
Countless efforts have been made to change the system, but nothing has worked.
为改变这一制度已经做了无数的努力，但什么也没有奏效。
A majority of the benches in this park were donated by people from this neighborhood.
公园里的长椅大部分是由附近的人捐赠的。
Herbert was mostly just curious why you designed your office this way.
赫伯特只是好奇你为什么要这样设计你的办公室。
To say that something happens more often than not, or is more common than you expect
说某事经常发生，或比你期望的更普遍
Often/Frequently/Commonly/For a long time/Usually/Sometimes/Repeatedly
经常/频繁地/通常地/长时间/常/有时/反复
Examples:
例子：
For a long time, I thought that all rabbits just ate carrots all the time.
很长一段时间以来，我一直以为所有的兔子都只吃胡萝卜。
She frequently stops by our shop to buy a jar of pickles.
她经常来我们店里买一罐泡菜。
I have told you repeatedly not to bother me when I am working, have I not?
我反复告诉过你，我工作时不要打扰我，是吗?
When and how should you use modifiers, qualifiers, and intensifiers?
何时以及如何使用修饰词、限定词和强调词?
For the most part, using these words and phrases can paint a more colorful and vibrant picture of what you are trying to say. They are useful for providing more detail and showing the full picture.
在很大程度上，使用这些单词和短语可以描绘出一幅更加丰富多彩和充满活力的画面，你想说什么。它们有助于提供更多的细节和显示完整的图片。
Modifiers can be used anywhere in a sentence and can take many different forms. Qualifiers and intensifiers are words or short phrases that often go in front of the word or phrase they modify. However, using too many can clutter your writing or speech. One good technique to decrease the number of words you use and the complexity of your sentences is to review your writing. Can your modifiers, qualifiers, and intensifiers be replaced by words that tell your meaning even better? For example, you can use difficult or challenging instead of very hard, or a breeze and simply instead of very easy. Using this higher level vocabulary improves your writing by clarifying what you mean, which helps your audience understand you better.
修饰语可以用在句子的任何地方，可以有多种不同的形式。限定词和加强词是经常出现在它们所修饰的词或短语前面的词或短语。然而，使用太多会使你的写作或演讲变得杂乱无章。减少你使用的单词数量和句子复杂程度的一个好方法就是复习你的写作。你的修饰语、限定词和增强器能用能更好地表达你意思的词来代替吗?例如，你可以用困难或挑战来代替非常困难，或者用微风来代替非常简单。使用这种更高层次的词汇可以通过澄清你的意思来提高你的写作水平，这有助于你的听众更好地理解你。
Examples:
例子：
Very important = crucial, central, essential
非常重要=关键、中心、关键
Very unimportant = trivial, irrelevant
非常不重要=微不足道，无关紧要
Very cold = chilly or freezing
非常冷=寒冷的，冷嗖嗖的
Very hot = sweltering
非常热=闷热的
Very confusing = puzzling, perplexing
非常困惑的=令人疑惑的
Very slow = sluggish
非常慢=慢悠悠的
Very fast = speedy, rapid, swift
非常快=迅速的
Very large = enormous, giant, huge
非常大=巨大的
Very small = nonexistent, tiny
非常小=不存在的，极小的
