Staying late at the office can raise stroke risk by a third
Regularly staying late at the office significantly increases the risk of having a stroke or heart attack, researchers have found.
研究人员发现，经常在办公室里加班会使患中风或心脏病的风险显著增加。
Working just an hour extra each day pushes up stroke risk by 10 per cent, according to a huge review of working patterns.
一项针对工作模式的大型回顾总结性研究称，每天只加班一小时，中风的风险就会增加10%。
And people who work an extra three hours a day - or 55 hours a week - are 33 per cent more likely to have a stroke, the scientists found.
科学家还发现，若每天加班三小时或每周工作55小时，中风几率将增加33%。
The research, published in the Lancet medical journal, is based on health records of more than 500,000 people across Europe, the US and Australia.
这项研究发表在医学杂志《柳叶刀》（the Lancet）上。该研究是基于超过50万人的健康记录进行的，这些人来自欧洲、美国和澳大利亚。
Scientists led by University College London warned that people who work longer hours tend to do less exercise, sit at a computer for hours at a time, and drink more than people with a better work-life balance.
英国伦敦大学学院（University College London）牵头组织的科学家警告称，相比工作、生活较平衡的人来说，长时间工作的人往往缺乏运动，在电脑前一坐就是好几个小时，过量饮酒。
Repeated stress may also be to be blame for greater health problems, the scientists think.
科学家认为，重复性压力可能也是造成健康问题越来越严重的罪魁祸首。
They looked at the combined result of 17 previous studies, in which 529,000 people were tracked over an average of seven years.
研究人员察看了之前17项研究的结果，这些研究追踪调查了52.9万人平均七年的时间。
They found that people working 41 to 48 hours a week were 10 per cent more likely to suffer a stroke than those who worked a typical 35 to 40-hour week.
研究人员发现，与一般每周工作35-40小时的人相比，每周工作41-48小时的人患中风的几率会增加10%。
People who worked 49 to 54 hours a week had a 27 per cent increased chance of suffering a stroke.
每周工作49-54小时的人患中风的几率增加27%。
And those who worked 55 or more hours were 33 per cent more likely to fall victim.
而那些每周工作55小时或以上的人患中风的几率会增加33%。
The researchers also looked at the link between hours worked and the risk of coronary heart disease, including heart attacks and angina.
研究人员也研究了工作时间和患心力衰竭、心绞痛等冠心病的几率之间的联系。
Those who worked more than 55 hours a week had a 13 per cent increased risk of heart disease, they found.
他们发现，每周工作55小时以上的人患心脏病的几率增加13%。
The authors wrote: 'Sudden death from overwork is often caused by stroke and is believed to result from a repetitive triggering of the stress response.
研究报告的作者写道：“过度工作导致的猝死往往是由中风引起的，这据信是反复触发应激反应的结果。“
‘Behavioural mechanisms, such as physical inactivity, might also link long working hours and stroke; a hypothesis supported by evidence of an increased risk of incident stroke in individuals who sit for long periods at work.’
“行为机制，比如体能活动不足，与长时间工作、中风可能也有联系。有证据表明工作时久坐不动的人群突发中风的几率更高，支持了这一假设。”
Lead author Professor Mika Kivimaki, from University College London, said: ‘The pooling of all available studies on this topic allowed us to investigate the association between working hours and cardiovascular disease risk with greater precision than has previously been possible.
该研究的首席作者米卡·卡维玛奇（Mika Kivimaki）教授来自伦敦大学学院，他说：“我们汇集所有针对这一课题所做的研究，从而能够比以往都更加准确地调查工作时间和患心血管疾病的风险之间的关系。”
'Health professionals should be aware that working long hours is associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke, and perhaps also coronary heart disease.'
“健康专业人士应该意识到，长时间工作与患中风的几率大幅上升密切相关，或许还与患冠心病的几率增加有关。”
Experts stressed that the study had only found a link between hours worked and heart problems - it had not proved what had actually caused each death.
专家强调，该研究只发现工作时间和心脏问题之间有一定联系，并不能证明实际的死亡原因是什么。
But they warned people to take note of the findings.
但是专家提醒人们应当留意研究的发现。
Dr Tim Chico, consultant cardiologist at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, said: ‘For many people, reducing their working hours would be difficult or impossible, and this study does not show that it would reduce the risk of stroke.
蒂姆·奇科（Tim Chico）博士是谢菲尔德教学医院（Sheffield Teaching Hospitals）的心脏科顾问医师，他说：“对于很多人来说，减少工作时间很难甚至是不可能的，而且该研究也未表明这样就可以降低中风的危险。”
‘Most of us could reduce the amount of time we spend sitting down, increase our physical activity and improve our diet while working and this might be more important the more time we spend at work.
“但是大多数人可以减少坐着的时间，多进行锻炼，在工作时保证健康饮食，我们加班的时间越多，这可能越重要。”
'We should all consider how the working environment could be altered to promote healthy behaviour that will reduce strokes, irrespective of how long we work.'
“不管工作多长时间，我们都要考虑如何改变工作环境，以促进能够降低中风几率的健康行为。”
Dr Mike Knapton of the British Heart Foundation, which part-funded the study, said: 'This study highlights to doctors that they need to pay particular attention to cardiovascular risk factors when they advise people who work long hours.'
英国心脏基金会（the British Heart Foundation）的迈克·耐普顿（Mike Knapton）博士对这项研究提供了部分资助，他表示：“这项研究提醒医生在诊治长时间工作的患者时，尤其要注意他们患心血管疾病的风险。”
Dr Shamim Quadir of the Stroke Association added: 'Working long hours can involve sitting for long periods of time, experiencing stress and leads to less time available to look after yourself.'
英国中风协会（the Stroke Association）的沙米姆·卡迪尔（Shamim Quadir）博士补充道：“长时间工作可能造成人们久坐不动、承受巨大压力，导致照料自己的时间减少。”
Vocabulary
coronary：心脏的
angina：心绞痛
hypothesis：假说
cardiovascular：心血管的
英文来源：每日邮报
译者：李朗
