The US has announced sweeping new sanctions against Russia in retaliation for cyber attacks against the Democratic National Committee and the emails of a key Hillary Clinton adviser that it claims were orchestrated by the Kremlin. 美国声称克里姆林宫精心策划了针对民主党全国委员会(Democratic National Committee)以及希拉里?克林顿(Hillary Clinton)一位关键顾问的邮件的网络攻击，为此，美国宣布对俄罗斯实施全面新制裁作为报复。
President Barack Obama said that he had signed an executive order to issue sanctions against foreign governments that attempt to interfere in US elections, issuing specific measures against four officials of Russia’s military intelligence unit and two hackers, who it alleged had orchestrated the cyber attacks. 美国总统巴拉克?奥巴马(Barack Obama)称，他签署了一项行政命令，对俄罗斯两家主要情报机构——俄罗斯联邦安全局（FSB）和俄罗斯联邦武装力量总参谋部情报总局（GRU）进行制裁，此外，还对6位个人实施制裁：其中4人是GRU的高级成员，2人是俄罗斯黑客。
The state department also expelled 35 Russian intelligence operatives stationed in the Russian Embassy in Washington and the Russian Consulate in San Francisco for activity that the US said was “inconsistent with their diplomatic status”. This, it said, was in response to alleged harassment of US diplomats by Russia. The Russian officials have been given 72 hours to leave the country. 另外，美国国务院还驱逐了常驻俄罗斯驻华盛顿大使馆以及驻旧金山领事馆的35名俄罗斯情报人员，称他们的活动“与他们的外交身份不符”。国务院称，此举是回应俄罗斯对美国驻俄外交官的骚扰。这些俄罗斯官员必须在72小时内离开美国。
“All Americans should be alarmed by Russia’s actions,” Mr Obama said in a statement. “In addition to holding Russia accountable for what it has done, the United States and friends and allies around the world must work together to oppose Russia’s efforts to undermine established international norms of behaviour, and interfere with democratic governance.” 上述措施是美俄对峙的一次重大升级。驱逐35名俄罗斯官员是10年来美国对俄罗斯最大的驱逐行动之一。
The White House said that the Department of Homeland Security and the FBI would soon release a joint analysis report containing declassified information definitively linking Russian civilian and military intelligence services to the cyber attacks. The report is expected to give information of which computers — both domestic and international — have been co-opted by the Russian intelligence services, information on what kind of malware the Russian intelligence services rely on, and more information about how the Russian intelligence services conduct malicious cyber activity, the White House said. “所有美国人都应该对俄罗斯的行动感到震惊，”奥巴马在声明中表示，“除了追究俄罗斯对其所作所为应负的责任外，美国及其世界各地的朋友和盟友必须齐心协力，反对俄罗斯破坏现有国际行为规范和妨碍民主治理的努力。”
All Americans should be alarmed by Russia’s actions 克里姆林宫立即宣布，俄罗斯将对美方的制裁措施和驱逐行动做出回应。
Barack Obama, US president 俄罗斯总统普京的新闻秘书德米特里·佩斯科夫（Dmitry Peskov）说：“我们认为，根据国际法，这些决定和类似的制裁是不公正和非法的。”他说，这些措施将会伤害俄美双边关系，但他又补充说，克里姆林宫怀疑这些措施是否有效，因为奥巴马行政当局将在三周后下台。
Moscow has already threatened swift retaliation against any US moves aimed at punishing it for cyber attacks that intelligence agencies say sought to help elect Mr Trump as president. 佩斯科夫还说，普京总统将会出台适当的回应措施。
“People in the White House need to understand clearly that if Washington really takes new hostile steps, then it will receive a response,” Maria Zakharova, Russia’s foreign ministry spokeswoman, said in a video statement released late on Wednesday. 此前，俄罗斯外交部女发言人玛丽亚?扎哈罗娃(Maria Zakharova)周三晚些时候在视频声明中表示：“白宫的人们需要想清楚，如果华盛顿方面真的采取新的敌对举动，那么美国会得到回应。”
“We’re tired of the lies about alleged Russian hackers,” Ms Zakharova said. “The wave of new accusations against Russia is not underpinned by any proof.” She said Mr Obama was seeking a justification for Mrs Clinton’s failure at the polls. “我们受够了所谓俄罗斯黑客的谎言了，”扎哈罗娃表示，“对俄罗斯的新一波指责没有任何证据支持。”她称，奥巴马正在为希拉里在选举中的失败找理由。
The new sanctions are aimed at striking back publicly against the Kremlin at the same time as covert US-led cyber counter-attacks are being conducted against Russia. They are also designed to put pressure on Mr Trump to acknowledge Russia’s involvement in the attacks and to keep the Russia sanctions in place after Mr Obama leaves office. 在宣布新制裁以公开回击克里姆林宫的同时，美国还主导对俄罗斯展开秘密网络反击战。这些措施也是为了向美国当选总统特朗普施加压力，要求他承认俄罗斯参与了这些袭击，并在奥巴马离任后继续执行对俄制裁。
The measures were welcomed by both Republican and Democratic members of Congress. 美国国会两党议员都对这些措施表示欢迎。
“The Russian attack on our democratic institutions is a wake-up call, a political Pearl Harbor as others have noted,” Senator Ben Cardin, a Democratic ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said “正如其他人所指出，俄罗斯对我国民主机构的攻击是一个警钟、一起政治层面的珍珠港事件，”民主党参议员本?卡丁(Ben Cardin)说。他是参议院外交关系委员会(Senate Foreign Relations Committee)的高级委员。
Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan, meanwhile, called the sanctions “overdue”. 同时，共和党议长保罗?瑞恩(Paul Ryan)称，这些制裁“早就应该实施了”。
Mr Trump has rejected the reports by the Central Intelligence Agency and Federal Bureau of Investigation that found Moscow responsible for the hacks of the emails of Democratic National Committee staff and Mrs Clinton’s campaign chairman of John Podesta. 特朗普曾拒绝接受中央情报局(CIA)和联邦调查局(FBI)的报告，这些报告称，莫斯科方面要对民主党全国委员会工作人员和希拉里竞选主席约翰?波德斯塔(John Podesta)的电子邮件被黑客窃取一事负责。
He this week questioned the outgoing administration’s focus on the cyber attacks, which began in the summer of 2015. 本周，特朗普对即将离任的奥巴马政府对始于2015年夏季的网络攻击的关注程度提出了质疑。
"I think we ought to get on with our lives,” Mr Trump told reporters in Florida. “I think that computers have complicated lives very greatly. The whole age of computer has made it where nobody knows exactly what is going on.” “我认为，我们应该继续我们的生活，”特朗普在佛罗里达州对记者们表示，“我认为，计算机让我们的生活变得非常复杂。在整个计算机时代，人们根本无法了解到底发生了什么事情。”
While Mr Trump has boasted that he will be able to get along with Vladimir Putin better than Mr Obama and turn over a new page in US-Russia relations, he is likely to face resistance from many high-ranking members of Congress who remain hawkish on Moscow. 虽然特朗普吹嘘说，他将能比奥巴马更好地与弗拉基米尔?普京(Vladimir Putin)打交道，并让美俄关系翻开新的一页，但他很可能遭到国会中的多名高级别议员的抵制，后者仍对莫斯科方面持有鹰派立场。
译者/何黎
