导读:3月15日，国务院总理李克强在人民大会堂金色大厅会见采访十二届全国人大五次会议的中外记者并回答记者提出的问题。
Premier Li Keqiang met reporters from home and abroad at a news conference on Wednesday at the end of the annual meeting of the National People’s Congress. Premier Li answered questions on various topics such as the economy, financial reforms and diplomacy.
3月15日本周三，国务院总理李克强在全国人大闭幕记者会上会见了中外记者，并就经济、金融改革、以及外交等事项答记者问。
Premier Li Keqiang: Just now, I heard the spokesperson say that today we have many journalists here. I heard that many of you arrived here 2 or 3 hours in advance. I thank you for your attention. Since we have limited time, I invite you to be direct with your questions.
李克强：刚才我听主持人说由于来的人多，很多记者提前两三个小时就到这里了，大家很辛苦，也充分表现了你们的职业精神，我对中外记者对中国两会报道所付出的辛劳表示感谢。时间有限，我们单刀直入，我愿意回答记者朋友们提出的问题。
CNN: President Trump has consistently criticized China for stealing U.S. jobs, manipulating currency exchange and not doing enough to maintain regional security. I understand that President Xi and Trump may meet as early as next month. What do you expect to receive from the U.S.?
美国有线电视新闻网记者：总理，早上好。特朗普总统一直对华发表一些批评性言论，表示中国偷窃了美国就业岗位，批评中国汇率政策以及中国在维护地区安全上做的不够。我们还了解到，很有可能最早就在下个月，中美两国元首可能会实现会晤。基于此，我们对于美国希望从中国得到什么已经有了一些概念，我想问，中国希望从美国那儿得到什么？中国对于一个健康可持续发展中美关系的底线是什么？您是否有信心实现这样的中美关系的发展？还是觉得前路比较艰难？
Premier Li Keqiang: Your question reminded me of my speech last year in New York, when the U.S. presidential campaign was white hot. I was asked how the China-US relations would develop when a new U.S. president takes office. My answer was that whoever becomes the new U.S. President, China-US relations will keep moving forward despite the changing circumstances.
李克强：你的提问让我回想起去年9月份我去联大出席系列高级别会议期间到美国纽约经济俱乐部演讲，就有人向我提问，当时美国总统大选正在白热化阶段，如果新的总统当选，中美关系会不会有大的改变？我的回答是，不管谁当选美国总统，虽然中美关系经历过风风雨雨，但是一直前行，我对此持乐观态度。
Soon after Trump became the U.S. president, he and President Xi Jinping talked on the phone. The two leaders re-emphasized the one-China principle. Many senior officials from both countries agreed to enhance China-US relations, too. The one-China principle is the corner stone of the China-US relations. this is the political basis on which China and the U.S. can continue to develop ties.
特朗普总统当选以后，习近平主席和特朗普总统通了电话，两位元首都表示要共同推进中美关系向前发展。特朗普总统和美国新政府的高官也都明确表示，要坚持一个中国的政策，这是中美关系的政治基础，不是风云变幻能够动摇的，也动摇不得。有了这样一个政治基础，中美合作的前景是广阔的。
These days, the diplomatic departments are working on facilitating a meeting between the leaders of the two countries. Over the many decades since China and the U.S. established diplomatic ties, there have been many disagreements on employment, exchange rate and security issues, among other issues.
我们之所以对中美关系前行持乐观态度，是因为中美建交几十年了，已经有了广泛的共同利益。当然，我们之间也有分歧，比如你刚才提到的像在就业岗位、汇率等问题上有些看法不一，或者在安全问题上也有不同认识。
Facing these differences, we should continue our exchanges and sit down to talk calmly to enhance communication. China-US relations not only affect the interests of the two countries but also regional and global peace and stability; this is why we need to keep our ties moving forward.
但是，我们双方都需要保持战略定力，加强沟通，坐下来谈，增进相互了解和理解，现在两国外交部门正就两国元首会晤进行沟通。我想，中美关系不仅关系两国利益，而且涉及到地区和世界的和平安全稳定，我们要维护它前行。
In terms of trade issues, although China currently has a surplus, more than 90 percent of Chinese companies’ profits were taken by the United States. We have statistics showing that last year China-US trade and investment created more than one million jobs in the United States. But if we cannot reach an agreement at once, we can continue talking, which is what wise people do.
至于贸易问题，我在两会参加代表团讨论时，有来自外贸企业的人大代表跟我说，虽然中方是贸易顺差，但是企业生产的产品利润90%以上是美国企业拿走了，中国的生产企业拿到的利润最低只有2%—3%。据有关统计，光去年一年，中美的贸易、投资给美国创造的就业岗位过百万个。当然，各方的统计方法可能不一，没关系，我们坐下来谈，总是会有共识，即便一时达不成共识，可以搁置分歧，智者的办法是扩大共同利益，分歧点所占比例就会更小。
Recently I read a report by a reputable foreign think tank. It said that if trade wars broke out between China and the United States, those suffering first would be foreign-funded enterprises in China, particularly those funded by the U.S. Our hope on the Chinese side is that trade relations will move forward in the positive direction. Chinese people and Americans are both great peoples. We have the wisdom to control our differences, and also have the need and conditions to enlarge our common interests. Thank you.
我想起前两天看到国际上有一个权威智库发表文章，他们认为，如果中美发生贸易战的话，首先受损的是外资企业，首当其冲的是美资企业。我们不希望看到打贸易战，贸易战带不来贸易公平，而且双方都受损。现在全世界都比较关心中美关系，中方希望，中美关系不管有什么样的坎坷，还是要向前走、向好处走。中美两国人民都是伟大的人民，我们有智慧来管控分歧，我们有需要也有条件来扩大共同利益。谢谢。
China National Radio: The growth rate of the Chinese economy has slowed in recent years. This year, China has set its GDP growth target at around 6.5 percent. Will this adversely affect the global economy? Moreover, some people think that there are some risks in the Chinese economy, especially in the financial sector. Do you think that the Chinese economy can still remain the global economic engine driving the global economy while global economic growth is sluggish?
中央人民广播电台记者：总理您好，我们注意到这几年中国经济的增长速度在持续放缓，今年又把经济增长的预期目标下调到6.5%左右，这是否会对世界经济造成不利的影响？另外有人认为中国经济存在很多风险，特别是在金融方面的风险，中国是否能够在世界经济疲软这个大背景下继续扮演世界经济的推动者这样一个角色？谢谢。
Premier Li Keqiang: We set this year’s economic growth at 6.5 percent. I’ve read foreign media that described it as China’s “moderate downward adjustment.” As a matter of fact, I should point out that 6.5 percent is not a low rate and won’t be easy to achieve; I once visited the Shaolin Temple with some foreign friends for a martial arts performance. I saw that the young monks can do a dozen of somersaults at one go very easily, but it would be quite a feat for adult monks to do even several – this is because of their different sizes. If we are able to achieve the 6.5 percent target this year, that will generate more economic output than last year, because this is achieved on the basis of 74 trillion yuan, or about US$11 trillion. This can generate 11 million jobs. It is in accordance with economic rules and this way we can focus more on the quality of China’s growth. I believe China will continue to be a strong driving force for the global economic growth.
李克强：我们把今年经济增速定在6.5%左右，我看到当时有外媒报道说中国是温和下调了增速。其实，增长6.5%这个速度不低了，也很不容易。我曾经在中国少林寺陪同外宾看过武僧表演，几岁的小武僧一口气翻十几个跟头不费劲，而练过十几年武功的青年武僧翻三五个跟头就了不得了，主要是块头大了。如果今年中国实现经济增长目标，增量比去年还要大，因为这是在我们经济总量已经超过74万亿元人民币，相当于11万亿美元基础上的增长，而且可以带动1100万人以上的就业。这符合经济规律，也可以使注意力更多地放到提高质量和效益上来，对世界经济增长的贡献率不会低，中国仍然是世界经济复苏乏力情况下推动全球增长的重要力量。
As for risks, there are many uncertainties in the global economy and politics, and this can be a huge external risk. For China, lack of development will be the greatest risk. As long as we maintain a medium to high growth rate, we will be making a contribution to the global economy. Of course, we have some risks that we cannot neglect, for instance, financial risks as you mentioned. We are watching these risks closely and we will deal with them in time and with focused measures and won’t let them run rampant. Of course, I’ll point out that China’s financial industry is overall safe and does not have systematic risks. This is because we have a lot of tools at our hands. Our fiscal deficit is less than 3 percent, the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks stands at 13 percent and the provision coverage ratio is 176 percent — all of these are better than many other countries, especially by the standards set by the international community. Therefore, we are able to avoid and prevent risks. We will buckle up during our medium- to high-speed ride, so as not to have a sudden risk, or a regional or systematic risk. Thank you.
至于说到风险，今年世界经济政治不确定的因素很多，这是很大的外部风险。对中国来讲，不发展是最大的风险。我们保持中高速的稳定增长，本身就是在为世界稳定做贡献。当然，我们自己也有一些不可忽视的风险，刚刚你讲到像金融领域。对于这些风险点，我们是高度关注的，发现了会及时处置、靶向治疗，不会让它蔓延。当然，我还必须要强调，中国金融体系总体是安全的，不会发生系统性风险。因为我们有很多应对工具，储备政策许多还没有用。我们的财政赤字率没超过3%，商业银行资本充足率在13%，拨备覆盖率176%，这些都超过许多国家，特别是国际所确定的相关标准。所以我们是有能力防范风险的，当然，我们在中高速行进当中也会系紧安全带，不会让风险“急性发作”，更不会发生区域性或者系统性的风险。谢谢。
Bloomberg: My Chinese is not good, sorry. The United States is shrinking its role in the global trade system, such as its withdrawal from the TPP. China seems to be poised to play a leadership role in global trade. You and President Xi Jinping both advocate free trade, an open economy and globalization. At the same time, China received criticism for unfair trade practices and measures for curbing opening speed. In the coming year, what will China do to make others believe that China is committed to free trade and open economy?
彭博社记者：我的中文不够好，对不起。随着美国收缩它在全球贸易体系中所发挥的作用，包括退出TPP，似乎中国愿意在全球贸易中发挥领导性作用。您和习近平主席都倡导自由贸易、开放型经济以及全球化。但同时我们看到，中国也在实施不公平贸易，开放自身经济速度还不快方面遭到批评。请问，在未来一年，中国方面会采取什么措施让国际社会确信中国是要致力于推进自由贸易和开放型经济的？
Premier Li Keqiang: First, in a process of globalization that is faced with controversy and has suffered setbacks in some respects, China regularly advocates economic globalization and free trade. It shows clearly that China will promote opening-up. Actually, globalization benefits each country, even though some problems arise in the process, such as in the sector of distribution. We need to tackle these problems rather than reject globalization. China is willing to cooperate with other countries to enhance the global governance system. Globalization is inseparable from the development of world peace. The closed door and beggar-thy-neighbor policies cannot resolve problems.
李克强：首先，在全球化进程受到一些非议或者在某些方面有挫折的情况下，中国始终坚持一贯的立场，那就是：维护经济全球化，支持自由贸易。这本身就表明中国是要推动开放。实际上，全球化使各国都受益了，不过在这个过程中也有一些问题，像分配等方面，但它们不是全球化本身的问题，而是应对的问题。中方也愿意和世界各国一道来改善全球治理体系。全球化和世界的和平发展合作是一体的、不可分的。关起门来以邻为壑，解决不了问题。
Like many other countries, China is the beneficiary of globalization as China is consistently advancing its opening-up. China’s priority is to realize its own development, but closing doors cannot realize that. We will continue to step up opening-up, which is a gradual process. In retrospect, we have been moving forward with the process over the past decades.
中国和世界许多国家一样，是全球化的受益者，这其中也因为中国一直在坚持不断地扩大开放。中国首先要把自己的事情办好，但关起门来也办不好自己的事情。所以我们的开放大门会越开越大。当然，开放是一个渐进的过程。回过头来看，这几十年来，我们的步伐一直是向前进的。
Last year, China was still the largest recipient of FDI among all developing countries, with the figure reaching US$126 billion. According to the evaluation on business environment in China made by the World Bank, China jumped 18 places last year compared with 2013. We advanced the construction of Shanghai FTZ, expanded the coverage scale to 11 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and will promote this across the whole country. We will hold the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation this year to put forward more opening-up measures. We proposed to establish a Free Trade Zone or make negotiations on investment trade treaties with many other countries. These are all two-way opening-up measures. We need to know that wider and deeper opening-up will bring about friction, but, it will ease. We are confident about the process. We will build up opening-up and attract more investment to share development opportunities with the whole world.
去年，我们吸引外资在发展中国家仍居首位，达到1260亿美元。世界银行对中国营商环境的评估，去年和2013年相比上升了18位。我们推动上海自贸试验区建设，已经逐步扩大到11个省区市，而且还会把普遍适用的经验向全国推广。我们还要在今年举办“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，不断推出扩大开放的措施。我们也和很多国家提议，建立自由贸易区或者进行投资贸易协定的谈判，这些都是有利于双向开放的措施。有一点我想大家要明确，就是你的开放力度越大，开放程度越深，这里面的摩擦相应就会越多，但是占的比例会越来越小。对此，我们是有信心的。我们就是要打造开放的高地、投资的热土，和世界共享发展机遇。
As for preserving global trade liberalization, it requires the joint effort of every country because the world belongs to everyone who lives in it. We always assume an open attitude to regional trade arrangements, including those established and those that are under discussion. We would also love to see progress in this regard. We will participate in and promote whatever facilitates trade liberalization. We Chinese understand that we have to seize with an open attitude the opportunities of globalization and not miss them, no matter what challenges we face.
至于维护全球贸易的自由化，这需要世界各国共同努力，因为天下是天下人的天下。我们对已经达成或者希望达成的一些区域贸易安排一直持开放态度，也乐见其成。只要是有利于贸易自由化的，我们都会去参与、去推进，而且中国人明白，要用开放抓住全球化的机遇，不管有什么挑战都不能错过。
With regard to the arrangement on regional free trade, as long as China is involved and has the conditions to participate, we will assume an open attitude to promote it. We won’t meddle in others’ affairs. We won’t go beyond China’s regional scope to do things we shouldn’t. Thank you.
关于区域的自由贸易安排，涉及中国的，有条件的，我们持开放态度，愿意去进行推动。我们不会越俎代庖，不会超越区域去做不应是中国做的事情。谢谢。
People’s Daily: Mr. Premier, for the past four years, we have seen that you have been highly focused on streamlining administration and delegating power. We’ve also seen in this year’s government work report that the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third has been fulfilled ahead of schedule. So what about the remaining two thirds? Will this reform be pushed forward, and if so, what specific steps will be taken?
人民日报记者：总理您好。我们注意到这四年来您一直都抓住简政放权这件事情不放松，今年政府工作报告也显示，您所要求的本届政府要精简1/3的行政审批事项的任务已经提前完成了，那么剩下的2/3呢？这项工作要不要继续往下推进，如果要继续的话您准备怎么推进？谢谢。
Premier Li Keqiang: The core of this reform is to transform government functions and balance the relations between the government and the market. This reform cannot be accomplished overnight. The goal of cutting the number of items that require government review has been met, but in this process we have actually discovered a whole variety of other problems involved. In addition to the requirement of government review and approval, there are also various requirements for administrative permits, certification of qualification and administrative fees for our businesses. So these will be the areas of focus for this government reform. Essentially, this reform will help the government focus on things that it should focus on, because some issues we used to be focused on in the past may tie down our businesses, cut government efficiency and even the government’s public credibility. So this is a self-targeted reform for the government, and we are fully determined to pushing it forward until our job is done no matter what obstacles or even resistance we may encounter.
李克强：简政放权核心是要转变政府职能，处理好政府和市场的关系，这不是一朝一夕之功。我们的确已经完成了本届政府成立之初确定的任务，但是在推进的过程中发现这里面的名堂多了，不仅是审批权，还有名目繁多的行政许可、资格认证、各种奇葩证明，让企业不堪重负的收费等等，这些都属于简政放权要继续推进的内容。我们就是要在推进过程中，让政府职能得到转变，把更多的精力放到该管的事情上来。政府确实管了一些不该管、也不应属于自己管的事情，它束缚了市场主体的手脚，降低了行政效率，甚至影响了政府的公信力。因此，我们必须进行自我革命，刀刃向内，我一直说要用壮士断腕的精神坚韧不拔地加以推进，不管遇到什么样的问题，甚至会有较大阻力，但是要相信我们有足够的韧性。
Streamlining administration, the integration of control and decontrol and regulation and improvement of government services form an integral whole. The government needs to improve its oversight during and after the process and provide better services for the businesses and people. When market access is widened, the government needs to ensure a fair playing field for all market entities, and violations of laws and regulations will be seriously dealt with, such as making and selling fake foods and goods, cheating the market place and violations of intellectual property rights. All these areas are of high concern to our general public, involving food, drug safety and environment, etc. The government also needs to use the internet and other technologies to ensure that government administrative services will be more easily accessible to our people. The government also needs to focus more on areas like poverty alleviation, rebuilding of shanty towns, providing compulsory education and meeting people’s basic health care needs, all of which concern people’s livelihood.
简政放权、放管结合、优化服务是三位一体的，也就是政府要把更多的精力放到事中事后监管和优化对人民群众的服务上，把市场的准入放宽了，那就要为市场主体公平竞争营造环境。对那些假冒伪劣、坑蒙拐骗、侵犯知识产权以及涉及食品、药品、环保等群众密切关注的违法违规问题要坚决查处。我们要通过“互联网+政务服务”，让群众少跑腿、少烦心、多顺心。要把更多的力量用于扶贫攻坚、棚户区改造、义务教育、基本医疗等诸多民生关注的方面。
So what the government should do is to send a message of “Yes” to all law-abiding market entities, to flash the green “go ahead” light to all hard-working entrepreneurs and innovators and to seriously deal with all violations of laws and regulation, showing them resolutely a yellow card, and even red card, to send them out of the market. Thank you.
简言之，就是要向依法依规的市场主体发出“前行、前行、再前行”的信号；向依靠劳动创业创新者亮起“可以、可以、再可以”的绿灯；对那些违法违规不良行为，就要及时亮出黄牌，甚至出红牌罚他下场。谢谢。
